Skip to main content

Die E–Zigarette – Verbreitung, Konsummuster und Nutzermotive bei Siebt- und Achtklässlern

Published Online: Doi: https://doi.org/10.1024/0939-5911/a000424

Zusammenfassung.Zielsetzung: E–Zigaretten erfreuen sich weltweit zunehmender Beliebtheit. In der vorliegenden Studie haben wir ein vergleichsweise junges Kollektiv deutscher Schülerinnen und Schüler nach Bekanntheit, Konsum und Konsummustern befragt, typische Nutzergruppen identifiziert und Motive der Nutzung untersucht. Methodik: Im Rahmen der hier erstmals vorgestellten PrevEND study II wurden zwischen 10/2014 und 03/2015 insgesamt 840 Schülerinnen und Schüler aus siebten und achten Klassen der Metropolregion Rhein-Neckar anonym mittels eines standardisierten Fragebogens zu E–Zigaretten (einschließlich E–Shishas) befragt. Ergebnisse: Nahezu alle befragten Schülerinnen und Schüler kannten die E–Zigarette (98 %) und 16 % hatten schon mindestens einmal eine E–Zigarette benutzt. Es zeigt sich ein sozialer Gradient, wonach 9 % aller Gymnasiasten und Gesamtschüler und 17 % aller Real- und 33 % aller Werkreal- und Hauptschüler schon einmal E–Zigaretten konsumiert hatten (p < 0,001). Nutzer von E–Zigaretten waren mehrheitlich Nichttabakraucher. E–Zigarettenkonsum in der Peergroup ist die bedeutendste Determinante des eigenen Konsums. Außerdem war die Lebenszeitprävalenz für E–Zigarettenkonsum höher als die Lebenszeitprävalenz für den Konsum von Tabakzigaretten. Schlussfolgerungen: Die Ergebnisse zeigen eine weite Verbreitung der E–Zigarette unter Jugendlichen und legen u. a. ein bundesweites Monitoring sowie eine weitere Untersuchung des Risikoprofils dieser Produktinnovation nahe.


The E–cigarette – Prevalence, Consumption Patterns and Reasons for Using Among Seventh- and Eighth-Grade School Children

Abstract.Objective: E–cigarettes are becoming increasingly popular worldwide. In this study we questioned a comparatively young group of German school pupils about their familiarity with e–cigarettes, their history of e–cigarette use, and their usage habits. We identified typical user groups and investigated their reasons for using e–cigarettes. Methods: As part of the PrevEND Study II, which is presented here for the first time, between 10/2014 and 03/2015 a total of 840 seventh- and eighth-grade school children from the Rheine–Neckar metropolitan region were anonymously asked standardized questions about e–cigarettes (including e–shishas). Results: Almost all of the pupils asked were familiar with e–cigarettes (98 %), and 16 % had used an e–cigarette at least once. A social gradient became apparent in which 9 % of all “Gymnasium“ (preparatory high school) students, 17 % of “Realschule“ (higher professional secondary school) students, and 33 % of “Werkreal“ and “Hauptschule“(lower professional secondary school) students had used an e–cigarette at least once (p < 0.001). The majority of e–cigarette users did not smoke tobacco products. E–cigarette use in a peer group was the most significant determinant of individual e–cigarette use. Additionally, the lifetime prevalence of e–cigarette use was higher than the lifetime prevalence of tobacco cigarette use. Conclusions: The results show that e–cigarette use is prevalent among adolescents and indicate the need for statewide monitoring and further investigation of this innovative product’s risk profile.

Literatur

  • Action on Smoking and Health. (2015). Use of Electronic Cigarettes Among Children in Great Britain (Vol. 34). London, United Kingdom. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Al-hamdani, M. (2014). A short note on e–cigarette issues: harm reduction, re–normalization, and Big Tobacco. Journal of Public Health Policy, 35(1), 132 – 134. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Arrazola, R. A., Singh, T., Corey, C. G., Husten, C. G., Neff, L. J., Apelberg, B. J., Bunnell, R. E., Choiniere, C. J., King, B. A. & Cox, S. (2015). Tobacco use among middle and high school students—United States, 2011 – 2014. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR), 64(14), 381 – 385. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Bam, T. S., Bellew, W., Berezhnova, I., Jackson-Morris, A., Jones, A., Latif, E., Molinari, M. A., Quan, G., Singh, R. J. & Wisotzky, M. (2014). Position statement on electronic cigarettes or electronic nicotine delivery systems. International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 18(1), 5 – 7. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Barnett, T. E., Soule, E. K., Forrest, J. R., Porter, L. & Tomar, S. L. (2015). Adolescent Electronic Cigarette Use: Associations With Conventional Cigarette and Hookah Smoking. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 49(2), 199 – 206. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • BZgA. (2015). Rauchen bei Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen in Deutschland 2014. Ergebnisse einer aktuellen Repräsentativbefragung und Trends. Köln: Bundeszentrale für gesundheitliche Aufklärung. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2013). Notes from the field: electronic cigarette use among middle and high school students – United States, 2011 – 2012. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR), 62(35), 729. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2015). E–cigarette use triples among middle and high school students in just one year [Press release]. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2015/p0416-e-cigarette-use.html. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Chapman, S. L. C. & Wu, L.-T. (2014). E–cigarette prevalence and correlates of use among adolescents versus adults: a review and comparison. Journal of psychiatric research, 54, 43 – 54. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Cho, J. H., Shin, E. & Moon, S. S. (2011). Electronic-cigarette smoking experience among adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Health, 49(5), 542 – 546. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Czoli, C. D., Hammond, D., Reid, J. L., Cole, A. G. & Leatherdale, S. T. (2015). Use of Conventional and Alternative Tobacco and Nicotine Products Among a Sample of Canadian Youth. Journal of Adolescent Health, 57(1), 123 – 125. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Czoli, C. D., Hammond, D. & White, C. M. (2014). Electronic cigarettes in Canada: Prevalence of use and perceptions among youth and young adults. Canadian Journal of Public Health, 105(2), e97 – e102. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • De Andrade, M., Hastings, G., Angus, K., Dixon, D. & Purves, R. (2013). The marketing of electronic cigarettes in the UK. Cancer Research UK. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum. (2013). Elektrische Zigaretten – ein Überblick. Rote Reihe (Vol. 19). Heidelberg: Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum. (2014). E–Zigaretten: Bekanntheit und Konsum in Deutschland 2012 – 2014. Aus der Wissenschaft– für die Politik. Heidelberg: Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum. (2015). Belastung der Innenraumluft durch Emissionen von E–Zigaretten. Aus der Wissenschaft– für die Politik. Heidelberg: Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Die Tabak Zeitung. (2014). Experten meinen: Siegeszug hat begonnen, Die Tabak Zeitung vom 21. 03. 2014. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Durbin, R., Waxman, H., Harkin, T., Rockefeller, J., Blumenthal, R. & Markey, E. (2014). Gateway to Addiction? A survey of popular electronic cigarette manufacturers and targeted marketing to youth. US Congress: Durbin, RJ. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Dutra, L. & Glantz, S. (2014). Electronic cigarettes and conventional cigarette use among U.S. adolescents: a cross-sectional study. JAMA Pediatrics, 168(7), 610 – 617. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Eastwood, B., Dockrell, M., Arnott, D., Britton, J., Cheeseman, H., Jarvis, M. & McNeill, A. (2015). Electronic cigarette use in young people in Great Britain 2013 – 2014. Public Health, 129(9), 1150 – 1156. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Eurobarometer. (2015). Factsheet: Attitudes of Europeans towards tobacco 2015. Brussels: European Commission. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Goniewicz, M. L. & Zielinska-Danch, W. (2012a). Electronic cigarette use among teenagers and young adults in Poland. Journal of Pediatrics, 130(4), e879 – 885. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Goniewicz, M. L. & Zielinska-Danch, W. (2012b). Electronic cigarette use among teenagers and young adults in Poland. Journal of Pediatrics, 130(4), 879 – 885. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Grana, R., Benowitz, N. & Glantz, S. (2013). Background Paper on E–cigarettes (Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems): Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California, San Francisco. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Grana, R., Benowitz, N. & Glantz, S. A. (2014). E–Cigarettes: A Scientific Review. Circulation, 129(19), 1972 – 1986. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Grana, R. A. & Ling, P. M. (2014). “Smoking revolution“: a content analysis of electronic cigarette retail websites. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 46(4), 395 – 403. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Hanewinkel, R. & Isensee, B. (2015). Risk factors for e–cigarette, conventional cigarette, and dual use in German adolescents: a cohort study. Preventive Medicine, 74, 59 – 62. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Hughes, K., Bellis, M. A., Hardcastle, K. A., McHale, P., Bennett, A., Ireland, R. & Pike, K. (2015). Associations between e–cigarette access and smoking and drinking behaviours in teenagers. BMC public health, 15, 244. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Klostermann, T. (2015). Schuldaten der Kreise Heidelberg, Mannheim und Rhein-Neckar-Kreis für das Schuljahr 2014/2015. Statistisches Landesamt Baden-Württemberg. Bildung und Kultur, Mitteilung vom 12. 08. 2015. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Kong, G., Morean, M. E., Cavallo, D. A., Camenga, D. R. & Krishnan-Sarin, S. (2015). Reasons for Electronic Cigarette Experimentation and Discontinuation Among Adolescents and Young Adults. Nicotine & Tobacco Research 17(7), 847 – 854. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Lee, S., Grana, R. A. & Glantz, S. A. (2014). Electronic cigarette use among Korean adolescents: a cross-sectional study of market penetration, dual use, and relationship to quit attempts and former smoking. Journal of Adolescent Health, 54(6), 684 – 690. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Orth, B. & Töppich, J. (2015). Die Verbreitung des Alkohol-, Tabak- und Cannabiskonsums bei Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen in Deutschland: Ergebnisse einer telefonischen Repräsentativbefragung mit Stichprobenziehung aus verschiedenen Auswahlrahmen. Suchttherapie, 16(S 01), S_44_01. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Peduzzi, P., Concato, J., Feinstein, A. R. & Holford, T. R. (1995). Importance of events per independent variable in proportional hazards regression analysis II. Accuracy and precision of regression estimates. Journal of clinical epidemiology, 48(12), 1503 – 1510. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Pentz, M. A., Shin, H., Riggs, N., Unger, J. B., Collison, K. L. & Chou, C. P. (2015). Parent, peer, and executive function relationships to early adolescent e–cigarette use: a substance use pathway? Addictive Behaviors, 42, 73 – 78. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Pierce, J. P., Distefan, J. M., Kaplan, R. M. & Gilpin, E. A. (2005). The role of curiosity in smoking initiation. Addictive Behaviors, 30(4), 685 – 696. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Ravishankar, T. & Nagarajappa, R. (2009). Factors attributing to initiation of tobacco use in adolescent students of Moradabad,(UP) India. Indian Journal of Dental Research, 20(3), 346. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Schenk, L., Bau, A.-M., Borde, T., Butler, J., Lampert, T., Neuhauser, H., Razum, O. & Weilandt, C. (2006). Mindestindikatorensatz zur Erfassung des Migrationsstatus. Bundesgesundheitsblatt-Gesundheitsforschung-Gesundheitsschutz, 49(9), 853 – 860. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Schneider, S. & Diehl, K. (2015a). A public health strategy for e–cigarettes. Wiener klinische Wochenschrift, 127(13 – 14), 570 – 576. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Schneider, S. & Diehl, K. (2015b). Vaping as a Catalyst for Smoking? An Initial Model on the Initiation of Electronic Cigarette Use and the Transition to Tobacco Smoking Among Adolescents. Nicotine & Tobacco Research (doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntv193). First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Schneider, S., Görig, T. & Diehl, K. (2015). Die E–Zigarette – Bundesweite Daten zu Bekanntheit, Nutzung und Risikowahrnehmung. ASU Zeitschrift für medizinische Prävention, 50, 818 – 823. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Schneider, S., Mohnen, S. M. & Pust, S. (2008). The average age of smoking onset in Germany–trends and correlates. International journal of public health, 53(3), 160 – 164. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Surís, J.-C., Berchtold, A. & Akre, C. (2015). Reasons to use e–cigarettes and associations with other substances among adolescents in Switzerland. Drug and Alcohol Dependence. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Suris, J. C., Berchtold, A. & Akre, C. (2015). Reasons to use e–cigarettes and associations with other substances among adolescents in Switzerland. Drug Alcohol Depend, 153, 140 – 144. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Wang, J., Li, C., Jia, C., Liu, Y., Liu, J., Yan, X. & Fang, Y. (2014). Smoking, smoking cessation and tobacco control in rural China: a qualitative study in Shandong Province. BMC public health, 14(1), 916. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • White, J., Li, J., Newcombe, R. & Walton, D. (2015). Tripling use of electronic cigarettes among New Zealand adolescents between 2012 and 2014. Journal of Adolescent Health, 56(5), 522 – 528. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. (2014). Electronic nicotine delivery systems. Genf: World Health Organization. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Wise, J. (2013). E–cigarette marketing is aimed at youngsters, says charity. BMJ-British Medical Journal, 347, f7124. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

Access content

To read the fulltext, please use one of the options below to sign in or purchase access.