A clinical consensus document of the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Aorta and Peripheral Vascular Diseases in collaboration with the European Society of Vascular Medicine and the European Society for Vascular Surgery
Summary: All guidelines worldwide strongly recommend exercise as a pillar in the management of patients affected by lower extremity peripheral artery disease (PAD). Exercise therapy in this setting presents different modalities, and a ...
Summary: Cilostazol is a quinolinone-derivative selective phosphodiesterase inhibitor and is a platelet-aggregation inhibitor and arterial vasodilator for the symptomatic treatment of intermittent claudication (IC). Cilostazol has been ...
Summary: Background: Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a pleiotropic cytokine mainly produced by mesenchymal cells. After endothelial damage by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL), HGF is produced and released into the circulation in ...
Summary: Background: Smoking represents the well-known enemy of vascular well-being. Numerous previous studies emphasised the important role of smoking on the development and progression of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. The ...
Summary: Background: The aim of this publication is to demonstrate similarities and differences in the association of risk factors with the prevalence of different manifestations of chronic venous disease (CVD), like varicose veins (VV), ...