Abstract
Zusammenfassung: Aus aktuellen Entwicklungen zur Mensch-Maschine-Interaktion (MMI), insbesondere auf dem wachsenden Feld der Social Robotics, entstehen neuartige Perspektiven für die sozialpsychologische Forschung. Da Computer und Roboter sich in besonderem Maße als Objekte einer Anthropomorphisierung eignen, sollten psychologische Zugänge auch in diesem Forschungsfeld hilfreich sein. Ausgehend von Unterscheidungen zwischen verschiedenen Typen dieser Maschinen werden mögliche Beiträge der Sozialpsychologie zur interdisziplinären Forschung und Entwicklung skizziert. Vorliegende Befunde zur sozialen Dimension der MMI werden vorgestellt und diskutiert: das Forschungsprogramm “Computer als soziale Akteure” sowie Ansätze zur Menschenähnlichkeit der Maschine als unabhängiger und abhängiger Variablen. Abschließend schlagen wir spezifische Themen für die zukünftige sozialpsychologische Forschung in drei klassischen Bereichen vor (Urteilsprozesse im Kontext der MMI, “interpersonelle” Prozesse und Intergruppenbeziehungen).
Abstract: Recent developments in human-machine interaction (HMI), especially in the growing field of social robotics, suggest new perspectives for social-psychological research. Because computers and robots represent objects particularly amenable to anthropomorphization, psychological approaches can be fruitfully applied in this field. Based on a distinction between different types of machines we outline potential contributions of social psychology to interdisciplinary research and development. Existing research bearing on the social dimension of HMI is reviewed and discussed: the “computers as social actors” research program, and approaches employing the human-likeness of machines as independent or dependent variable. We conclude by proposing specific topics for future research in three classic areas (judgment processes in the context of HMI, “interpersonal” processes, and intergroup relations.)
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