Hepatoprotective Activity of Linalool in Rats Against Liver Injury Induced by Carbon Tetrachloride
Abstract
Abstract. This study aimed to investigate and compare hepatoprotective activity of Coriandrum sativum (Cs) and it is major component linalool (Ln) against experimentally induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Essential oil of Cs was isolated by hydrodistillation method and chemical composition was determined by GS-MS analysis. 42 male Wistar Albino rats were divited into 7 groups each containing 6. The experimental groups were designed as: Normal control group, 1 ml/kg CCl4 administirated group, 25 mg/kg Silymarin and CCl4 administirated group, 100 and 200 mg/kg Cs and CCl4 administirated groups, 100 and 200 mg/kg Ln and CCl4 administered groups. The protective activities were determined according to the results of liver biomarkers (AST, ALT, ALP), antioxidant parameters (GSH, GPx, CAT), lipid peroxidation (MDA) and histopathological examination. Linalool percentage of Cs was 81.6%. The groups treated with linalool (100 and 200 mg/kg) (p < 0.01) and coriander (200 mg/kg) (p < 0.05) had significantly reduced AST (262–375) and ALT (101–290) levels (U/L) compared to the CCl4 (600–622) group. The levels (nmol/g protein) of MDA (11–12) were significantly lower (p < 0.01), the levels of GSH (11–12) and the activities of CAT (23–24) were significantly higher (p < 0.01) in linalool groups (100 and 200 mg/kg) compared to the CCl4 (18-5-10 respectively) group. These results were also supported by histopathological findings and indicate that Cs and Ln shows hepatoprotective activity against liver damage. In this regard, evaluation of activities of major components are needed to compare to medicinal plants in experimental diseases models.
References
1 (2013) Chlorella vulgaris extract ameliorates carbon tetrachloride-induced acute hepatic injury in mice. Exp Toxicol Pathol. 65, 73–80.
2 (2015) Hepatoprotective effects of Yulangsan polysaccharide against nimesulide-induced liver injury in mice. J Ethnopharmacol. 172, 273–280.
3 (2009) Protective effects of Chlorella vulgaris extract on carbon tetrachloride-induced acute liver injury in mice. Food Sci Biotechnol. 18, 1186–1192.
4 (1978) Hepatotoxicity. The adverse effects of drugs and other chemicals in the liver. New York: Appleton Century Crofts, 235–245.
5 (1995) Lipid peroxidation and antioxidants as biomarkers of tissue damage. Clin Chem. 41, 1819–1828.
6 (2006) Effects of extract from Ginkgo biloba on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury in rats. World J Gastroenterol. 12, 3924–3928.
7 (2014) Herbal medicine for treatment and prevention of liver diseases. JPCCR. 8, 55–60.
8 (1999) Veterinary phytotherapy: an overview. Can Vet J. 40, 891–892.
9 (2008) Protective effects of Pycnogenol on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in Sprague-Dawley rats. Food Chem Toxicol. 46, 380–387.
10 (2007) Herbal medicine in the treatment of liver diseases. Dig Liver Dis. 39, 293–304.
11 (2012) Coriandrum sativum – review of advances in phytopharmacology. Int J Pharm Sci Res. 3, 1233.
12 (2018) Chemical composition, antimicrobial and antibiofilm efficacy of C. limon and L. angustifolia EOs and of their mixtures against Staphylococcus epidermidis clinical strains. Ind Crops Prod. 122, 483–492.
13 (2014) Antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of Solanum xanthocarpum leaf extracts against CCl4-induced liver injury in rats. Pharm Biol. 1060–1068.
14 (2009) Protective effects of Coriandrum sativum extracts on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Food Chem Toxicol. 47, 702–708.
15 (2014) Antitumorigenic potential of linalool is accompanied by modulation of oxidative stress: an in vivo study in sarcoma-180 solid tumor model. Nutr Cancer. 66, 835–848.
16 (1966) Estimation of product of lipid peroxidation (malonyl dialdehyde) in biochemical systems. Anal Biochem. 16, 359–64.
17 (1983)
Catalase . In H.U. BergmeyerEd., Methods in enzymatic analysis (pp. 276–86). New York: Academic Press.18 (1976) Glutathione peroxidase activity in selenium deficient rat liver. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 71, 952–958.
19 (1951) Protein measurement with folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem. 193, 265–275.
20 (1968) Estimation of total, protein-bound and nonprotein sulfhydryl groups in tissue with Ellman’s reagent. Anal Biochem. 25, 192–205.
21 (1968) Manual of Histologic Staining Methods of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology (3rd ed., pp. 32). New York: McGraw-Hill Book Co..
22 (1999) Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: a proposal for grading and staging the histological lesions. Am J Gastroenterol. 94, 2467–2474.
23 Herbal medicine – a rational approach in health care system. Int. J. Herb. Med. 1, 86–89.
24 (2003) Carbon tetrachloride-induced lipid peroxidation: eicosanoid formation and their regulation by antioxidant nutrients. Toxicology. 189, 113–127.
25 (1999) Coriandrum sativum changes the levels of lipid peroxides and activity of antioxidant enzymes in experimental animals. Indian I Biochcm Biophys. 36, 59–61.
26 (2012) Phytochemical and pharmacological investigation on Coriandrum sativum. Asian J Pharma Educ Res. 1, 2278–96.
27 (2005) Effect of polyphenolic compounds from Coriandrum sativum on H2O2-induced oxidative stress in human lymphocytes. Food Chem. 92, 653–60.
28 (2005) Charecterization of antioxidant compounds in aqueous Coriander extract (Coriandrum sativum L.). Lebenson Wiss Technol. 38, 15–9.
29 (2011) Pharmacological screening of Coriandrum sativum Linn. for hepatoprotective activity. J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 3, 435.
30 (2006) Studies on the dual antioxidant and antibacterial properties of parsley (Petroselinum crispum) and cilantro (Coriandrum sativum) extracts. Food Chem. 97, 505–15.
31 (1979) Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction. Anal Biochem. 95, 351–358.
32 (2010) Antioxidant and hepatoprotective potential of essential oils of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) and caraway (Carum carvi L.) (Apiaceae). J Agric Food Chem. 58, 8848–8853.
33 (2009) Safety assessment of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) essential oil as a food ingredient. Food Chem Toxicol. 47, 22–34.
34 (2016) Effect of Coriandrum sativum hydroalcoholic extract and its essential oil on acetic acid-induced acute colitis in rats. Avicenna J Phytomed. 6, 205.
35 (2016) Sedative effect of central administration of Coriandrum sativum essential oil and its major component linalool in neonatal chicks. Pharm Biol. 54, 1954–1961.
36 (2015) Coriander (Corindrum sativum L) and its bioactive constituents. Fitoterapia. 2015(103), 9–26.
37 (2013) Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L): A potential source of High-Value components for functional food and nutraceuticals. Phytother Res. 27, 1439–1456.