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Originalarbeit

Wahrgenommene Verfügbarkeit und Alkoholkonsum Jugendlicher im Längsschnitt

Published Online:October 17, 2014https://doi.org/10.1024/0939-5911.a000323

Abstract

Zielsetzung: Untersuchung des Einflusses der wahrgenommenen Verfügbarkeit von Alkohol auf die Initiierung des Rauschtrinkens im Kindes- und Jugendalter Methodik: Es handelt sich um eine längsschnittliche Beobachtungsstudie mit drei Erhebungszeitpunkten über einen Zeitraum von 30 Monaten. Die Daten wurden an 1167 Schüler/innen mittels Fragebögen erhoben. Ergebnisse: Die Wahrscheinlichkeit für die Initiierung des Rauschtrinkens im Beobachtungszeitraum war bei Kindern und Jugendliche, die die Verfügbarkeit von Bier/Wein als hoch einschätzten, im Vergleich zu denen, die sie für gering erachteten, mit einem Chancenverhältnis (Adjustiertes Odds Ratio: AOR) von 1,54 (95 % Konfidenzintervall (KI): 1,14 – 2,09; p = 0,005) signifikant erhöht. Auch die wahrgenommene Verfügbarkeit von Spirituosen stellte sich als signifikanter Prädiktor heraus (AOR = 1,59; 95 % KI: 1,10 – 2,32; p = 0,014). Hier ergab sich weiterhin ein signifikanter Interaktionseffekt mit dem Alter der Kinder und Jugendlichen (AOR = 3,01; 95 % KI: 1,35 – 6,74; p = 0,007). Ein signifikanter Einfluss der wahrgenommenen Verfügbarkeit von Spirituosen konnte lediglich bei älteren Jugendlichen gefunden werden. Schlussfolgerungen: Neben politischen Maßnahmen zur Regulation der objektiven Verfügbarkeit von Alkohol (Mindestbezugsalter, Öffnungszeiten und Dichte von Verkaufsstellen) erscheint im Hinblick auf die subjektive Verfügbarkeit auch die Berücksichtigung des unmittelbaren sozialen Umfeldes für präventive Maßnahmen von Bedeutung zu sein.


Perceived availability and actual alcohol consumption in youths: A longitudinal study

Aims: To investigate the impact of the perceived availability of alcohol on the incidence rate of binge drinking among children and adolescents. Methods: A longitudinal observational study with three waves and a time interval of 30 months. Data from 1167 students were collected by self-administered questionnaires. Results: The perceived high availability of beer and wine was associated with an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of 1.54 (95 % confidence interval (CI): 1.14 – 2.09, p = .005) for initiating binge drinking compared with low perceived availability. The perceived availability of spirits was also found to be a significant predictor of initial binge drinking (AOR = 1.59; 95 % CI: 1.10 – 2.32, p = .014). Additionally, there was a significant interaction effect with the age of the students (AOR = 3.01; 95 % CI: 1.35 – 6.74, p = .007). The significant predictive effect of the perceived availability of spirits on initial binge drinking was found, however, only among older adolescents. Conclusion: While structural preventive measures focus on the objective availability of alcohol (legal age, opening hours, outlet density), with respect to the subjective availability of alcohol one should also consider the immediate social environment.

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