Kompetenter Einsatz qualitativer Methoden in der Suchtforschung
Theoretische, methodologische und ethische Voraussetzungen
Abstract
Zusammenfassung.Hintergrund: Qualitative Methoden ermöglichen bei unterschiedlichen Fragestellungen vertieften Erkenntnisgewinn im Feld der Suchtforschung. Allerdings ist der Zugang zu den entsprechenden Methoden nicht einfach, da ihre Komplexität und Vielfalt nicht leicht zu überblicken ist und die Umsetzung umfangreiches theoretisches und methodologisches Wissen erfordert. Bisher scheint der Einsatz qualitativer Methoden in der deutschen Suchtforschung nicht ausreichend methodisch untermauert zu sein. Wir fordern daher eine fundierte, reflektierte und methodisch korrekte Nutzung qualitativer Methoden im Feld der Suchtforschung. Ziel: Ziel dieses Artikels ist, anhand von Methodenliteratur und Originalarbeiten, in denen qualitative Methoden angewandt wurden, aufzuzeigen, wie qualitative Forschungsdesigns verstanden werden können, um Forschende zu ermutigen und zu befähigen, qualitative Methoden in angemessener Weise zu nutzen. In diesem Artikel werden mögliche Einsatzgebiete und grundlegende methodologische Überlegungen für die Entwicklung eines qualitativen Forschungsdesigns dargestellt. Dabei wird zusätzlich auf diverse Erhebungsmethoden sowie ethische Aspekte im Rahmen der Datengenerierung eingegangen.
Abstract.Background: Qualitative methods enable in-depth knowledge gain in the field of addiction research for various questions. However, access to the relevant methods is not easy, as their complexity and diversity are not easy to understand and implementation requires extensive theoretical and methodological knowledge. In german addiction research, the use of qualitative methods does not always seem to have been methodologically substantiated so far. We therefore demand a well-founded, reflected and methodically correct use of qualitative methods in the field of addiction research. Aim: The aim of this article is to use literature on methods and original papers that have used qualitative methods to show how qualitative research designs could be understood, in order to encourage and enable researchers to use qualitative methods appropriately. This article presents possible areas of application and basic methodological considerations for developing a qualitative research design. Additionally, various data collection methods as well as ethical aspects in the context of data generation are discussed.
Literatur
(2009). Ethical issues in the use of in-depth interviews: literature review and discussion. Research Ethics, 5 (2), 48-54.
(2013). Qualitative social research: a risky business when it comes to collecting ‘sensitive’data. Qualitative research, 13 (1), 19-35.
(2020). Meinungen zum Alkoholkonsum in der Schwangerschaft und zur diesbezüglichen ExpertInnenrolle von medizinischem Fachpersonal. Zeitschrift für Geburtshilfe und Neonatologie, 225 (03), 216-225.
(2021). Researching alcohol consumption during pregnancy. Opportunities and challenges with two methods of data acquisition. Manuscript in preparation.
(2007). Die dokumentarische Methode und ihre Forschungspraxis. Berlin: Springer.
(1998). Transforming qualitative information: Thematic analysis and code development. Los Angeles, CA: SAGE Publications.
(2019).
Thematic Analysis . In P. Liamputtong (Ed.), Handbook of Research Methods in Health Social Sciences (pp. 843-860). Singapore: Springer.(2020). Ethnografie: Die Praxis der Feldforschung. Stuttgart: utb GmbH.
(2017). Reflexive grounded theory: Eine Einführung für die Forschungspraxis. Berlin: Springer.
(2015). Correlates of self-stigma among individuals with substance use problems. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 13 (6), 687-698.
(2016). Social research methods. New York: Oxford University Press.
Bundesgesundheitsministerium (BMG) . (2019). Drogen- und Suchtbericht. Available from https://www.bundesgesundheitsministerium.de/fileadmin/Dateien/5_Publikationen/Drogen_und_Sucht/Berichte/Broschuere/Drogen-_und_Suchtbericht_2019_barr.pdf(2019). Reinforcing and reproducing stereotypes? Ethical considerations when doing research on stereotypes and stereotyped reasoning. Societies, 9 (4), 79.
(2006). Constructing grounded theory: A practical guide through qualitative analysis. Los Angeles, CA: SAGE Publications.
(2018). The mental health of people doing qualitative research: Getting serious about risks and remedies. Los Angeles, CA: SAGE Publications.
(2003). The unstructured interactive interview: Issues of reciprocity and risks when dealing with sensitive topics. Qualitative inquiry, 9 (3), 335-354.
(2009). The public stigma of mental illness and drug addiction: Findings from a stratified random sample. Journal of Social Work, 9 (2), 139-147.
(2019). Drug dealing on Facebook, Snapchat and Instagram: A qualitative analysis of novel drug markets in the Nordic countries. Drug and alcohol review, 38 (4), 377-385.
Deutsche Hauptstelle für Suchtfragen e. V. (DHS) . (2021). DHS Jahrbuch Sucht 2021. Lengerich: Pabst Science Publishers.(2008). Risk to researchers in qualitative research on sensitive topics: Issues and strategies. Qualitative health research, 18 (1), 133-144.
(2006). Approaches to reflexivity in qualitative research. Nurse researcher, 13 (3), 7-21.
(2011). Writing ethnographic fieldnotes. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
(2006). „Lieber besoffen. Oder bekifft. Dann kann man‘s wenigstens noch aushalten.“ Zum Alkohol-und Drogenkonsum obdachloser Jugendlicher. Diskurs Kindheits-und Jugendforschung, 1 (2), 261-280.
(2017). Qualitative Sozialforschung – Eine Einführung (8. Aufl.). Reinbeck: Rothwohl Taschenbuch Verlag.
(2018). Doing triangulation and mixed methods (Vol. 8). Los Angeles, CA: SAGE Publications.
(1999). Synthesis of qualitative research on drug use in the European Union: Report on an EMCDDA project. European Addiction Research, 5 (1), 4-20.
(2000). The standpoint of storyteller. Qualitative health research, 10 (3), 354-365.
(1992).
Two incommensurable asymmetrically alternate technologies of social analysis . In G. Watson, R. M. Seiler (Eds.), Text in context: Contributions to ethnomethodology (pp. 175-206). Los Angeles, CA: SAGE Publications.(1998). Doing grounded theory: Issues and discussions (Vol. 2549). Mill Valley, CA: Sociology Press.
(2012). Introduction to applied thematic analysis. Applied thematic analysis, 3 (20), 1-21.
(2019). Ethnography: Principles in practice. London: Routledge.
(2011). Die Qualität qualitativer Daten (Vol. 4). Berlin: Springer.
(2012).
Holistic reflexivity . In S. N. Hesse-Biber (Ed.), Handbook of feminist research: Theory and praxis (Vol. 2, pp. 557-582). Los Angeles, CA: SAGE Publications.(1969). Content Analysis for the Social Sciences and Humanities. Reading, MA: Addison Wesley.
(1994). Benefits of participating in research interviews. Image: The Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 26 (2), 161-166.
(2011). Thematic analysis: Harper D, Thompson AR, Qualitative methods in mental health and psychotherapy: a guide for students and practitioners. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.
(2009). Reflexivity: promoting rigour in qualitative research. Nursing standard, 23 (23), 42-47.
(2021). Stigmatization of people with alcohol use disorders: An updated systematic review of population studies. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 45 (5), 899-911.
(2018). Narrative Analyse: Ein Schlüssel zum Verstehen der Patient-Behandler-Beziehung. Balint Journal, 19 (02), 47-53.
(2015). Qualitative Interviewforschung. Weinheim: Verlagsgruppe Beltz.
(2012). Qualitative Inhaltsanalyse. Weinheim: Beltz.
(2007). Researching the Vulnerable: A Guide to Sensitive Research Methods. London: SAGE Publications.
(2020). Optimierungsbedarf von Spielersperren. Sucht, 66, 223-235.
(2004). Narrative Identität und Positionierung. Online-Zeitschrift zur verbalen Interaktion, 5, 166–183.
(2013). Stimulanzienkonsum im Nachtleben. SuchtMagazin, (3), 15-20.
(2001). Qualitative research: standards, challenges, and guidelines. Lancet, 358 (9280), 483-488. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(01)05627-6
(2017).
Researcher positionality in cross-cultural and sensitive research . In P. Liamputtong (Ed.), Handbook of research methods in health social sciences (pp. 1-15). Singapore: Springer.(2017). Stigma and self-stigma in addiction. Journal of bioethical inquiry, 14 (2), 275-286.
(2015). Qualitative Inhaltsanalyse. Grundlagen und Techniken (12. Aufl.). Weinheim: Beltz.
(2014). Qualitative Sekundäranalyse: zum Potenzial einer neuen Forschungsstrategie in der empirischen Sozialforschung. Berlin: Springer.
(2005). Qualitative research methods within the addictions. Addiction, 100 (11), 1584–1593.
(2013). Addiction journal is committed to publishing qualitative research. Addiction, 108 (3), 447-449.
(2009). Interview und dokumentarische Methode. Berlin: Springer.
(2021). An Analysis of Reflections on Researcher Positionality. Qualitative Report, 26 (5), 1411-1426.
(2017). Reflexivity in qualitative research: A journey of learning. Qualitative Report, 22 (2), 426-438.
(2010). Generalization in quantitative and qualitative research: Myths and strategies. International journal of nursing studies, 47 (11), 1451-1458.
(2014). Qualitative Sozialforschung: Ein Arbeitsbuch. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter.
(2013). Introduction to social research: Quantitative and qualitative approaches. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications.
(2010). Qualitative social research in addictions publishing: Creating an enabling journal environment. The International journal on drug policy, 21 (6), 441.
(2021). How do concerned significant others experience Community Reinforcement and Family Training (CRAFT) – a qualitative study. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-198798/v1
(2021). Implications of addiction diagnosis and addiction beliefs for public stigma: A cross-national experimental study. Drug and alcohol review, 40 (5), 842-846.
(1981). Methoden und Probleme der Inhaltsanalyse: Eine Einführung. Tübingen: Narr-Verlag.
(2005). In the club: Ecstasy use and supply in a London nightclub. Sociology, 39 (2), 241-258.
(2013). Personal stance, positionality and reflexivity in qualitative research. London: Routledge.
(2017). Das Stigma von Suchterkrankungen verstehen und überwinden. Sucht, 63, 253-259.
(2010). The stigma of alcohol dependence compared with other mental disorders: a review of population studies. Alcohol and Alcoholism, 46 (2), 105-112. https://doi.org/10.1093/alcalc/agq089
(2012). Qualitative content analysis in practice. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE publications.
(2014). Varianten qualitativer Inhaltsanalyse: ein Wegweiser im Dickicht der Begrifflichkeiten. Paper presented at the Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung/Forum: Qualitative Social Research.
(1974). Der sinnhafte Aufbau der sozialen Welt. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp.
(1992). Ethical issues in interviewing. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 17 (1), 98-103.
(2016). Barrieren in der Thematisierung des Tabak-und Alkoholkonsums Schwangerer in der gynäkologischen Praxis. Eine Fokusgruppenstudie mit Frauenärzten. Das Gesundheitswesen, 78 (12), 816-821.
(1997). Grounded theory in practice. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications.
(2018). Gütekriterien qualitativer Sozialforschung. Ein Diskussionsanstoß. Zeitschrift für Soziologie, 47 (2), 83-100.
(1988). Who should ask? Ethical interviewing in psychiatric epidemiology studies. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 58 (2), 228-239.
(2020). Qualitative research methods in medical dissertations: an observational methodological study on prevalence and reporting quality of dissertation abstracts in a German university. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 20 (1), 1-9.
(1972). Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft (5. rev. Aufl.). Tübingen: JCB Mohr.
