Abstract
Prozesse des computervermittelten Wissensaustauschs ermöglichen Gruppen den Aufbau eines Wissenspools, den alle Gruppenmitglieder nutzen können. Während die Vorzüge dieses Wissensaustauschs unmittelbar einsichtig sind, ist aus psychologischer Sicht zu konstatieren, dass der Aufbau solcher Wissenspools als Soziales Dilemma aufgefasst werden kann. Dieser Überblickartikel thematisiert den computervermittelten Wissensaustausch auf Basis der experimentellen Forschung zu Sozialen Dilemmata, und stellt Experimentalumgebungen vor, die dieses Informationsaustausch-Dilemma operationalisieren und seine empirische Untersuchung ermöglichen. Zunächst werden Ergebnisse zur subjektiven Wahrnehmung des Dilemmas berichtet, dann Befunde zu strukturellen und psychologischen Einflussfaktoren. Erstere verändern die Payoff-Struktur (Kosten und Nutzen der Informationsweitergabe), letztere die erlebte soziale Situation. Hier spielen präskriptive und deskriptive Normen, die Identifizierbarkeit des Verhaltens oder die Anonymität der Person eine Rolle. Darüber hinaus werden Befunde zum Einfluss einer Reihe von Persönlichkeitsvariablen vorgestellt. Die Befunde werden in einer integrativen Darstellung zusammengefasst und kritisch bewertet.
Processes of computer-mediated knowledge make it possible for groups to build a knowledge pool that can be used by all group members. While the advantages of this knowledge exchange are evident, it needs to be acknowledged that, from a psychological point of view, building such knowledge pools may be considered a social dilemma. This review article addresses computer-mediated knowledge exchange on the basis of experimental social dilemma research and presents experimental environments which have operationalized this information exchange dilemma, making empirical studies possible. It presents results on the subjective perception of the dilemma, followed by findings on structural and psychological factors by which it is influenced. While the former change the payoff structure (cost and benefit of passing on information), the latter change the perceived social situation. Prescriptive and descriptive norms, identifiability of one’s own behavior and a person’s anonymity play a role here. In addition, the article deals with some results on the role of several variables concerning personality traits. It summarizes the findings in an integrative description and reviews them critically.
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