Skip to main content
Search
Search
    Quick Search anywhere
    Quick search in Citations
Advanced Search
Skip main navigationClose Drawer MenuOpen Drawer Menu
Previous article
Next article
Beitrag zum Themenschwerpunkt

Störungen des autobiographischen Gedächtnisses bei Alzheimer-Demenz

Published Online:June 08, 2007https://doi.org/10.1024/1011-6877.20.1.47

Abstract

Zusammenfassung: Störungen der Gedächtnisfunktionen bilden das Achsensymptom demenzieller Erkrankungen, insbesondere der Alzheimer-Demenz (AD) als ihrer häufigsten Form. Gerade Defizite des autobiographischen Gedächtnisses entstehen schon in den Anfangsstadien der Erkrankung und betreffen primär Erinnerungen an selbst Erfahrenes einschließlich prägender Lebensereignisse, während äußere Lebensdaten noch lange abrufbar bleiben. Autobiographische Gedächtnisdefizite wurden nur selten untersucht, vor allem da derartige Studien besondere methodische Anforderungen stellen, die sich aus der Individualität des erinnerten Materials und dem Charakter demenzieller Erkrankungen ergeben. Wir haben deshalb autobiographische Gedächtnisdefizite differenziert nach semantischen und episodischen Qualitäten mit dem “Bielefelder Autobiographischen Gedächtnisinventar” (BAGI) in einer modifizierten Version bei 230 Heimbewohnern (24 kognitiv Gesunde; 28 mit leichter kognitiver Beeinträchtigung; 178 mit manifester AD) untersucht. Eine nachhaltige Beeinträchtigung des autobiographischen Gedächtnisses zeigte sich dabei schon in frühen Phasen der AD. Bereits Bewohner mit leichter kognitiver Beeinträchtigung wiesen ausgeprägte Defizite des episodischen Gedächtnisses auf, die bei mittelgradiger oder schwerer AD fortbestanden. Demgegenüber gingen semantische autobiographische Gedächtnisinhalte graduell verloren, sodass weitreichende Defizite erst bei stark Eingeschränkten entstanden. Die Kenntnis dieser Zusammenhänge vertieft nicht nur unser Verständnis der Alzheimer- Demenz, sondern erweitert auch das verfügbare diagnostische Instrumentarium.


Deficits in Autobiographical Memory in Alzheimer's Disease

Abstract: Memory decline in general and autobiographical memory deficits in particular are the core symptoms of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The respective deficits can be observed even in the early stages of the disease, and mainly involve personal experiences including important lifetime events, rather than semantic biographical data. To investigate this observation in a large clinical sample and to standardize its examination, the respective deficits were documented on a modified version of the “Bielefeld Autobiographical Memory Inventory” (BAGI) in 230 nursing home residents (24 without cognitive deficits, 28 with mild cognitive impairment and 178 with AD). Even residents with mild cognitive impairment or early AD showed marked deficits of episodic autobiographic memory, which were even more pronounced in moderate and severe dementia. In contrast, semantic memory contents declined gradually with pronounced deficits only in severe dementia. These findings confirm and extend our understanding of autobiographical memory decline in AD and indicate that the respective deficits can be used as an early marker of the disease.

References

  • Braak, H. Braak, E. (1996). Evolution of the neuropathology of Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica Supplement, 165, 3– 12 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Brand, M. Markowitsch, H.J. (2003). The neuroanatomy of memory. In T.E. Feinberg & M.J. Farah (Eds.), Behavioural neurology and neuropsychology (2nd ed. pp. 431-443). New York: McGraw-Hill First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Cummings, J.L. Mega, M. Gray, K. Rosenberg-Thompson, S. Carusi, D.A. Gornbein, J. (1994). The neuropsychiatric inventory: Comprehensive assessment of psychopathology in dementia. Neurology, 44, 2308– 2314 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Dorrego, M.F. Sabe, L. Garcia Cuerva, A. Kuzis, G. Tiberti, C. Boller, F. (1999). Remote memory in Alzheimer's disease. The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 11, 490– 497 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Eustache, F. Piolino, P. Giffard, B. Viader, F. De La Sayette, V. Baron, J.C. (2004). “In the course of time”: A PET study of the cerebral substrates of autobiographical amnesia in Alzheimer's disease. Brain, 127, 1549– 1560 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Folstein, M.F. Folstein, S.E. McHugh, P.R. (1975). “Mini-mental state”. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 12, 189– 198 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Greene, J.D. Hodges, J.R. Baddeley, A.D. (1995). Autobiographical memory and executive function in early dementia of Alzheimer type. Neuropsychologia, 12, 1647– 1670 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Hodges, J. (1998). The amnesic prodrome of Alzheimer's disease . Oxford: Oxford University Press First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Kazui, H. Hashimoto, M. Hirono, N. Mori, E. (2003). Nature of personal semantic memory: Evidence from Alzheimer's disease. Neuropsychologia, 41, 981– 988 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Kopelman, M.D. (1989). Remote and autobiographical memory, temporal context memory and frontal atrophy in Korsakoff and Alzheimer patients. Neuropsychologia, 27, 437– 460 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Levine, B. (2004). Autobiographical memory and the self in time: Brain lesion effects, functional neuroanatomy, and lifespan development. Brain and Cognition, 55, 54– 68 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Levine, B. Turner, G.R. Tisserand, D. Hevenor, S.J. Graham, S.J. McIntosh, A.R. (2004). The functional neuroanatomy of episodic and semantic autobiographical remembering: A prospective functional MRI study. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 16, 1633– 1646 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Levy, R. (1994). Aging-associated cognitive decline. Working Party of the International Psychogeriatric Association in collaboration with the World Health Organization. International Psychogeriatrics, 6, 63– 68 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Marin, R.S. (1991). Apathy: A neuropsychiatric syndrome. The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 3, 243– 254 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Marin, R.S. Firinciogullari, S. Biedrzycki, R.C. (1993). The sources of convergence between measures of apathy and depression. Journal of Affective Disorders, 28, 117– 124 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Markowitsch, H.J. (1985). Der Fall H.M. im Dienste der Wissenschaft. Naturwissenschaftliche Rundschau, 38, 410– 416 First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • McKhann, G. Drachman, D. Folstein, M. Katzman, R. Price, D. Stadlan, E.M. (1984). Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: Report of the NINCDS-ADRDA Work Group under the auspices of Department of Health and Human Services Task Force on Alzheimer's disease. Neurology, 34, 939– 944 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Morris, J.C. Heymann, A. Mohs, R.C. Hughes, J.P. van Belle, G. Fillenbaum, G. Mellits, E.D. Clark, C. (1989). The Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD-NP). Part I. Clinical and neuropsychological assessment of Alzheimer's disease. Neurology, 39, 1159– 1165 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Nadel, L. Moscovitch, M. (1997). Memory consolidation, retrograde amnesia and the hippocampal complex. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 7, 217– 227 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Nelson, K. (1996). Language in cognitive development: The emergence of the mediated mind . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Nelson, K. Fivush, R. (2004). The emergence of autobiographical memory: A social cultural developmental theory. Psychological Review, 111, 486– 511 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • O'Kane, G. Kensinger, E.A. Corkin, S. (2004). Evidence for semantic learning in profound amnesia: An investigation with patient H.M. Hippocampus, 14, 417– 425 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Pantel, J. Schröder, J. Schad, L.R. Friedlinger, M. Knopp, M.V. Schmitt, R. (1997). Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging and neuropsychological functions in dementia of the Alzheimer type. Psychological Medicine, 27, 221– 229 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Pantel, J. Schröder, J. Essig, M. Jauss, M. Schneider, G. Eysenbach, K. (1998). In vivo quantification of brain volumes in subcortical vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease. An MRI-based study. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, 9, 309– 316 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Pantel, J. Kratz, B. Essig, M. Schröder, J. (2003). Parahippocampal volume deficits in subjects with aging-associated cognitive decline. American Journal of Psychiatry, 160, 379– 382 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Pantel, J. Schönknecht, P. Essig, M. Schröder, J. (2004). Distribution of cerebral atrophy assessed by magnetic resonance imaging reflects patterns of neuropsychological deficits in Alzheimer's dementia. Neuroscience Letters, 361, 17– 20 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Piolino, P. Desgranges, B. Belliard, S. Matuszewski, V. Lalevee, C. De la Sayette, V. (2003). Autobiographical memory and autonoetic consciousness: Triple dissociation in neurodegenerative diseases. Brain, 126, 2203– 2219 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Reisberg, B. Ferris, S.H. de Leon, M.J. Crook, T. (1982). The Global Deterioration Scale for assessment of primary degenerative dementia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 139, 1136– 1139 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Ribot, T. (1881). Les maladies de la mémoire . Paris: Germer-Baillière First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Ryan, L. Nadel, L. Keil, K. Putnam, K. Schnyder, D. Trouard, T. (2001). Hippocampal complex and retrieval of recent and very remote autobiographical memories: Evidence from functional magnetic resonance imaging in neurologically intact people. Hippocampus, 11, 707– 714 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Schönknecht, P. Pantel, J. Kruse, A. Schröder, J. (2005). Prevalence and natural course of aging-associated cognitive decline in a population-based sample of young-old subjects. American Journal of Psychiatry, 172, 2071– 2077 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Schröder, J. Pantel, J. Förstl, H. (2004). Demenzielle Erkrankungen - ein Überblick. In A. Kruse & M. Martin (Hrsg.), Enzyklopädie der Gerontologie (S. 224-239). Bern: Huber First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Schröder, J. Schönknecht, P. Essig, M. Pantel, J. (im Druck). Die leichte kognitive Beeinträchtigung: Symptomatik, Epidemiologie und Verlauf. In H.W. Wahl & H. Mollenkopf (Hrsg.), Alternsforschung am Beginn des 21. Jahrhunderts. Alterns- und Lebenslaufkonzeptionen im deutschsprachigen Raum. Darmstadt: Steinkopff First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Squire, L.R. (1992). Memory and the hippocampus: A synthesis from findings with rats, monkeys, and humans. Psychological Review, 99, 195– 231 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Teng, E. Squire, L.R. (1999). Memory for places learned long ago is intact after hippocampal damage. Nature, 400, 675– 677 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Trevarthen, C. (1998). The concept and foundations of infant intersubjectivity. In S. Braten (Ed.), Intersubjective communication and emotion in early ontogeny (pp. 15-46). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Tulving, E. (1972). Episodic and semantic memory. In E. Tulving & W. Donaldson (Eds.), Organization and memory (pp. 381-403). New York: Academic Press First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Tulving, E. (1983). Elements of episodic memory . Oxford: Clarendon Press First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Tulving, E. (2005). Episodic memory and autonoesis: Uniquely human?. In H. Terrace & J. Metcalfe (Eds.), The missing link in cognition: Evolution of self-knowing (pp. 3-56). New York: Oxford University Press First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Tulving, E. Markowitsch, H.J. (1998). Episodic and declarative memory: Role of the hippocampus. Hippocampus, 8, 198– 204 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar