Arbeitsengagement und Belastungserleben von Health Professionals in Zeiten der Corona-Pandemie
Eine Querschnittstudie
Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Hintergrund: Die Corona-Pandemie führte zu einer starken Beanspruchung von Health Professionals, deren allgemeine berufliche Situation mit einem hohem Belastungserleben verbunden ist. Quantitative Daten zum Belastungserleben der im Gesundheitswesen Tätigen in der Corona-Pandemie und mögliche Auswirkungen auf das Arbeitsengagement fehlen bis dato für Deutschland. Methode: Mittels einer Querschnittsbefragung wurden das Stresserleben, die Sorge um die Gesundheit und das Arbeitsengagement von Health Professionals deutschlandweit erhoben. Das „snapshot survey“ nutzte neben selbst entwickelten Fragen Items eines validierten Instrumentes zur Erfassung des Arbeitsengagements. Über soziale Medien wurden in Form einer Gelegenheitsstichprobe Health Professionals zur Teilnahme eingeladen. Es konnten 1168 gültige Fälle ausgewertet werden. Die Teilnehmenden waren mehrheitlich Pflegende (80 %, n = 855). Ergebnisse: Es zeigt sich, dass Health Professionals mit Direktkontakt zu COVID-19-Erkrankten im Gegensatz zu Befragten ohne Kontakt ein höheres Stresslevel angeben (MW = 3,81, SD = 1,09 vs. MW = 3,44, SD = 1,12, t(1062) = 5,40, p < 0,001; ε = 0,33), sich am meisten Sorgen um die Gesundheit ihrer Angehörigen sowie von Freundinnen und Freunden machen und dass diese Sorgen größer als bei Health Professionals ohne Kontakt sind (MW = 4,45, SD = 0,84 vs. MW = 4,19, SD = 0,94, t(1062) = 4,74, p < 0,001; ε = 0,29). Die Korrelationsanalysen (r = –0,182, p < 0,001) und die multiple Regressionsanalyse (β = –0,182, p < 0,001) ergaben, dass das Arbeitsengagement mit steigendem, pandemiebedingtem Stress abnimmt. Diskussion: Es zeigen sich theoriekonforme Zusammenhänge zwischen Anforderungen, Stresserleben und Arbeitsengagement. Im Vergleich zu früheren Studien ist das Arbeitsengagement in der Stichprobe gering. Zur Reduktion psychischer Belastungsfaktoren in einer Pandemie liegen vielfältige Empfehlungen vor, die nun auch in der Breite für Deutschland zur Anwendung kommen sollten. Hierzu zählen beispielsweise pandemiespezifische Präventionspläne oder die Schaffung eines sanktionsfreien Arbeitsumfeldes.
Abstract. Background: The corona pandemic, caused by the novel viral disease COVID-19, has led to excessive strain in health professionals whose general occupational situation in itself is associated with high levels of stress. So far, there is no quantitative data on the stress experience caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in German health professionals and on the consequences of this experience for their commitment to work. Method: With a cross-sectional design, German health professionals were asked about their stress experience, health concerns and work commitment. The snapshot survey used self-developed questions plus items of a validated scale measuring work engagement. A convenience sample of health professionals was recruited through social media. The E-Survey reached 1168 valid cases, the majority of which were nurses (80.4 %, n = 855). Results: The evaluation shows that health professionals in direct contact with COVID-19 patients show higher stress levels than participants with no contact and that their main concern is about the health of relatives, friends and family. In addition, it was found that the participants’ work commitment decreased parallel to the increase in pandemic-related stress. Discussion: The study shows significant correlations between work demands, stress experience and work engagement. In contrast to earlier studies, the results for work engagement in the sample are relatively low. There is a growing number of international recommendations for reducing work-related stress factors in a pandemic which should now be implemented in Germany on a large scale. These include, amongst others, pandemic specific catalogues of prevention measures and the creation of a blame-free work environment.
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