Abstract
Predictive inferences are anticipations of what could happen next in the text we are reading. These inferences seem to be activated during reading, but a delay is necessary for their construction. To determine the length of this delay, we first used a classical word-naming task. In the second experiment, we used a Stroop-like task to verify that inference activation was not due to strategies applied during the naming task. The results show that predictive inferences are naturally activated during text reading, after approximately 1 s.
References
2000). Right and left hemisphere cooperation for drawing predictive and coherence inferences during normal story comprehension. Brain & Language, 71, 310–336. doi 10.1006/brln.1999.2268
(2000). The time course of predictive inferences depends on contextual constraints. Language and Cognitive Processes, 15, 293–319. doi 10.1080/016909600386066
(2001). Working memory and inferences: Evidence from eye fixations during reading. Memory, 9, 365–381. doi 10.1080/09658210143000083
(1996). Predictive inferences occur on-line, but with delay: Convergence of naming and reading times. Discourse Processes, 22(1), 57–78. doi 10.1080/01638539609544966
(1998). Predictive inferences take time to develop. Psychological Research, 61, 249–260.
(1999). Online predictive inferences in reading: Processing time during vs. after the priming context. Memory and Cognition, 27, 834–843.
(2006). Strategic influence on the time course of predictive inferences in reading. Memory and Cognition, 34, 68–77.
(2001). Situation-based context and the availability of predictive inferences. Journal of Memory and Language, 44, 220–234. doi 10.1006/jmla.2000.2744
(2004). The role of visuospatial resources in generating predictive and bridging inferences. Discourse Processes, 37, 205–224.
(1994). Constructing inferences during narrative text comprehension. Psychological Review, 101, 371–395.
(2008). Context and the activation of predictive inferences. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 15, 351–356. doi 10.3758/PBR.15.2.351
(1988). The role of knowledge in discourse comprehension: A construction-integration model. Psychological Review, 95, 163–182.
(1998). Comprehension: A paradigm for cognition. New York: Cambridge University Press.
(1999). Prevalence and persistence of predictive inferences. Journal of Memory and Language, 40, 593–604.
(1999). Forward inferences: From activation to long term memory. Discourse Processes, 27, 241–260.
(1985). Semantic priming and Stroop like interference in word-naming tasks. Journal of Experimental Psychology, Human Perception and Performance, 11(1), 62–80.
(1991). Half a century of research on the Stroop effect: An integrative review. Psychological Bulletin, 109, 163–203.
(1996). How priming affects two speeded implicit tests of remembering: Naming colors versus reading words. Consciousness and Cognition, 5(1–2), 73–90.
(1998). La production d’inférences lors de la compréhension de textes chez les adultes: Une analyse de la littérature [
(Inference production in text comprehension by adults: A literature review ]. L’Année Psychologique, 98, 511–543.1992). Inferences during reading. Psychological Review, 99, 440–466.
(1993). Forward inferences in narrative text. Journal of Memory and Language, 32, 464–473.
(2002). A unified model for predictive and bridging inferences. Discourse Processes, 33, 105–132.
(1998). Word identification for ignored and attended words. Consciousness and Cognition, 7, 238–258.
(1988). Time course of priming for associate and inference words in a discourse context. Memory and Cognition, 16, 283–298.
(1972). Stimulus encoding and memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 94(1), 90–100.
(1974). Association, directionality, and stimulus encoding. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 102, 151–158.
(