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Originalarbeiten

Der Einfluss von Temperament, Alkoholwirksamkeitserwartungen und Bezugsgruppe auf Trinkmenge und Alkoholprobleme im Jugendalter

1Die Arbeit ist Teil des Community-Medicine-Forschungsverbundes (CMF) der Universität Greifswald. Er wird gefördert von dem Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (Förderkennzeichen ZZ9603), dem Kultusministerium und dem Sozialministerium des Landes Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. Der CMF umfasst mehrere Projekte, die Daten aus einer Basisstudie, der Study of Health in Pomerania analysieren (SHIP; www.medizin.uni-greifswald.de/cm).

Published Online:September 01, 2006https://doi.org/10.1024/1422-4917.32.2.85

Abstract

Zusammenfassung:Fragestellung: In der vorliegenden Studie wurde untersucht, inwieweit Temperamentsmerkmale (Neugierverhalten, Schadensvermeidung und Belohnungsabhängigkeit), Alkoholwirksamkeitserwartungen und Devianz/Substanzgebrauch in der Peergroup einen Einfluss auf Alkoholprobleme und Trinkmenge im Jugendalter haben. Methode: 147 etwa 15-jährige Jugendliche wurden zu zwei Messzeitpunkten ausführlich befragt und erhielten darüber hinaus verschiedene Fragebögen. Ebenso wurden bei der ersten Erhebung die jeweiligen Elternteile interviewt. Ergebnisse: Jugendliche mit Alkoholproblemen zur Zeit der zweiten Befragung wiesen ein Jahr vorher im Vergleich zu Adoleszenten ohne Alkoholprobleme eine geringere Schadensvermeidung und Belohnungsabhängigkeit auf und waren häufiger Mitglied in einer devianten/substanzgebrauchenden Peergroup. Außerdem berichteten Jugendliche mit Alkoholproblemen signifikant mehr positive Alkoholwirksamkeitserwartungen. In Bezug auf die Trinkmenge konnten die Ergebnisse repliziert werden, wobei das Temperament aber kein bedeutsamer Prädiktor für die Trinkmenge pro Trinktag nach einem Jahr war. Schlussfolgerung: Alkoholwirksamkeitserwartungen und Devianz/Substanzgebrauch in der Peergroup zeigen bedeutsame Assoziationen sowohl mit der Trinkmenge pro Trinktag als auch der Entwicklung von Alkoholproblemen im Jugendalter und sollten deshalb Fokus von Präventions- und Interventionsmaßnahmen sein.


The relation between temperament, alcohol expectancies, peer-group and alcohol consumption as well as alcohol-related problems in adolescence

Summary:Objective: The purpose of this longitudinal study was to investigate the relationship between temperament (novelty seeking, harm avoidance and reward dependence), alcohol expectancies, membership in a deviant/substance-using peergroup and drinking behaviour of adolescents drawn from a general population. Methods: 147 adolescents about 15 years of age were interviewed and completed several self-rating questionnaires. We gathered additional information by interviewing their parents. One year after the initial assessment the adolescents only were interviewed and given questionnaires again. Results: Adolescents with alcohol problems at the time of the second interview reported less harm avoidance, less reward dependence, and were more likely to be a member of a deviant/substance-using peergroup a year before, compared to offspring without alcohol problems. Furthermore, they held more positive alcohol expectancies than adolescents without alcohol problems. Taking into account the quantity of alcohol consumed per occasion, all results were confirmed, but temperament did not predict the extend of alcohol consumed after one year. Conclusions: Alcohol expectancies and peer group deviance/substance-use are strongly associated to alcohol problems and the amount of alcohol consumed. Therefore, they should be the focus of prevention and intervention in this age group.

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