Abstract
Zusammenfassung.Fragestellung: Welche im frühen Jugendalter erfassten Personen- und Umweltfaktoren sagen das Rauschtrinken im Alter von 21 Jahren vorher? Methode: Beobachtungsstudie im Längsschnitt über einen Zeitraum von 9 Jahren. Im Jahr 2006 wurden in Schleswig-Holstein und Sachsen-Anhalt mittels Papierfragebogen 5 176 Jugendliche im mittleren Alter von 12.6 Jahren (SD = 0.6) befragt, die Folgebefragung erfolgte 2015. Als Prädiktoren wurden bei der Eingangsbefragung das Alter, das Geschlecht, der Schultyp, die Schulleistungen, der elterliche Erziehungsstil, der Alkoholkonsum ohne elterliches Wissen, der Alkoholkonsum der Freunde und Eltern sowie das Persönlichkeitsmerkmal „Sensation Seeking“ erfasst. Zentrales vorherzusagendes Verhalten im Jahr 2015 war die Häufigkeit des mindestens monatlichen Rauschtrinkens (sechs oder mehr alkoholische Getränke bei einer Trinkgelegenheit). Ergebnisse: 9 Jahre nach der Eingangserhebung konnten 1 087 Personen (20.9 %), die nun im Mittel 21.6 Jahre (SD = 0.8) alt waren, erneut befragt werden. Ein Viertel (25.4 %) gab an, mindestens monatlich Rauschtrinken zu praktizieren. In einem multiplen Regressionsmodell sagten drei Prädiktoren das Rauschtrinken im jungen Erwachsenenalter vorher: männliches Geschlecht, frühe Erfahrung mit Alkohol sowie die wahrgenommene Häufigkeit des Alkoholkonsums der Eltern im Jugendalter. Schlussfolgerungen: Der im frühen Jugendalter wahrgenommene elterliche Alkoholkonsum kann als möglicher Risikofaktor des Rauschtrinkens im jungen Erwachsenenalter angesehen werden. Eltern sollten sich ihrer Rolle als alkoholspezifische Sozialisationsagenten in stärkerem Maße bewusst werden.
Abstract.Objective: Which person characteristics and environmental factors predict binge drinking at age 21? Method: A longitudinal observational study with a nine-year follow-up. A total of 5,176 adolescents from the German states Schleswig-Holstein and Saxony-Anhalt were surveyed in 2006 with paper-pencil questionnaires (mean age 12.6 years, SD = 0.6). A follow-up assessment was conducted in the year 2015. Baseline predictors were age, gender, school type, school performance, parenting style, early experience with alcohol, alcohol use of parents, alcohol use of friends, and sensation seeking. Primary outcome in 2015 was binge drinking at least once a month (six or more alcoholic drinks during one drinking occasion). Results: A subsample of 1,087 (20.9 %) of the former students could be surveyed nine years after baseline (mean age 21.6 years, SD = 0.8). One out of four (25.4 %) reported binge drinking at least once in a month. A multiple regression model revealed three significant predictors of binge drinking: male gender, early experience with alcohol and frequency of parental alcohol use at baseline. Conclusions: Perceived frequency of parental alcohol use might be an important risk factor for children’s alcohol use in early adulthood. Parents need to reflect their role as alcohol-specific socialization agents.
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