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Übersichtsarbeit

Therapie von Insomnien und Albträumen im Kindes- und Jugendalter

Published Online:August 24, 2018https://doi.org/10.1024/1422-4917/a000608

Abstract

Zusammenfassung. Schlafprobleme und Schlafstörungen sind im Kindes- und Jugendalter weitverbreitet. Im Allgemeinen legen sich solcherlei Schlafbeschwerden jedoch nicht, sondern neigen zur Chronifizierung. Die Auswirkungen von Schlafstörungen sind dabei umfassend, so zeigen sich oft Leistungseinschränkungen, mangelnde physische Gesundheit sowie psychische Auffälligkeiten bis hin zum erhöhten Risiko bezüglich Suizidalitätsentwicklung. Aus diesen Gründen ist eine frühzeitige und effektive Therapie sinnvoll und notwendig. Die Schlafprobleme unterscheiden sich in ihrem Erscheinungsbild je nach Alter, daher sollte die Therapie dem angepasst sein. Diverse altersorientierte Verfahren für das Vorschulalter, Grundschulalter sowie Jugendalter werden vorgestellt. Die Evidenz dieser Verfahren ist in unterschiedlichen Studien überprüft worden. Insgesamt muss jedoch festgestellt werden, dass die Studienlage noch deutlich verbesserungsfähig ist. So fehlen meist umfangreiche randomisiert kontrollierte Studien sowie Studien, die komorbide Störungen oder Schlafstörungen im Rahmen von anderen psychischen Störungen adressieren.


Therapy of insomnia and nightmares in childhood and adolescence

Abstract. Sleep problems and sleep disorders have a high prevalence in childhood and adolescence. Normally, such conditions persist and often become chronic. Daytime impairments are widespread with concentration deficits, mental problems, and also a higher suicide risk. Therefore, early and effective interventions are necessary. As symptoms change with age, therapy should be adjusted accordingly. Various strategies for infants and toddlers, schoolchildren, and adolescents will be named. In addition, evidence of these therapy strategies will be shown. All in all, more randomized controlled studies addressing children and adolescents are needed. Furthermore, studies with children and adolescents suffering from comorbid disorders or mental disorders and sleep problems should be conducted.

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