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Originalarbeit

Polypharmazie in der Anwendung von Psychopharmaka in der deutschen Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie – häufiger Regel als Ausnahme

Published Online:November 13, 2018https://doi.org/10.1024/1422-4917/a000632

Abstract

Zusammenfassung.Hintergrund: Die gleichzeitige Einnahme verschiedener Arzneimittel erhöht die Wahrscheinlichkeit von Wechselwirkungen und unerwünschten Arzneimittelwirkungen (UAWs). In der Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie wird versucht, Polypharmazie zu vermeiden, wobei allerdings kaum Daten zur Häufigkeit vorliegen. Ziel der Studie war die Untersuchung der Häufigkeit von Polypharmazie bei der Behandlung mit verschiedenen Antidepressiva und Antipsychotika sowie der fraglichen Assoziation mit einem erhöhten Auftreten von UAWs im Vergleich zur Monotherapie. Methodik: 940 Datensätze von Kindern und Jugendlichen unter Psychopharmakotherapie aus 10 Studien zum Therapeutischen Drug Monitoring (TDM) in Deutschland wurden retrospektiv-deskriptiv ausgewertet. Ergebnis: Polypharmazie war in bis zu 72.1 % der Fälle bei primärer Therapie mit Olanzapin und in bis zu 45.6 % der Fälle bei Escitalopram zu beobachten. In bis zu 17.4 % der Fälle wurden vier und mehr Neuro-/Psychopharmaka gleichzeitig eingesetzt. Bei Antipsychotika wurde keine erhöhte Häufigkeit von UAWs unter Polypharmazie dokumentiert. Bei den Antidepressiva wurden bei Sertralin signifikant mehr UAWs unter Polypharmazie beobachtet. Diskussion und Fazit: Polypharmazie wird relativ häufig angewandt. Rückschlüsse zum UAW-Risiko sollten aufgrund der geringen Fallgröße der untersuchten Subpopulationen, der Limitationen naturalistischer Studien sowie möglicher Doppelauswertungen unter Vorbehalt gezogen werden. Weiterführende Studien mit größeren und im Hinblick auf z. B. Alter und komorbide Störungen homogeneren Gruppen sind notwendig.


Polypharmacy of psychotropic drugs in child and adolescent psychiatry in Germany – rather the rule than the exception

Abstract.Background: Polypharmacy increases the risk of interactions and enhances the chance of adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Hence, child and adolescent psychiatrists generally try to avoid polypharmacy with psychotropic drugs. However, only little data regarding the frequency of polypharmacy in child and adolescent psychiatry are available. This study analyzes clinical data on polypharmacy and the possible association with a higher risk of ADRs in Germany, with a focus on antidepressants and antipsychotics. Methods: We investigated a total of 940 datasets from descriptive studies on therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of pediatric patients treated with different psychotropic drugs. Results: The frequency of polypharmacy ranged up to 45.6 % (escitalopram) and 72.1 % (olanzapine). In 17.4 % of the cases, polypharmacy consisted of four or more psycho-/neuropharmacological substances. No increased incidence of ADRs was reported with polypharmacy of antipsychotics compared to monotherapy. Polypharmacy with sertraline was associated with a higher number of ADRs. Discussion and Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of polypharmacy with psychotropic drugs in child and adolescent psychiatry in Germany. Conclusions concerning individual drugs should be drawn with care since the subsample sizes were relatively small. However, our results do provide an indication of the prevalence of polypharmacy, although the validity of the data is limited. There is an urgent need to analyze data from larger and more homogeneous groups under more controlled conditions.

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