Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Unter der Bezeichnung Medienbezogene Störungen (MBS) wird sowohl eine problematische Nutzung des Internets und bestimmter Endgeräte generell als auch ein problematischer Gebrauch bestimmter Anwendungen zusammengefasst. Im Kindes- und Jugendalter kommen hierbei den Anwendungen Computerspiele und Soziale Netzwerke die größte Bedeutung zu. Im Mai 2019 wurde die Computerspielstörung als erste Entität der MBS als klinische Diagnose in die ICD-11 aufgenommen. Die Prävalenz der MBS im Kindes- und Jugendalter liegt in Deutschland bei 3 bis 5 %. Bei der Mehrzahl der Betroffenen gehen MBS mit komorbiden psychischen Störungsbildern einher. MBS entstehen auf der Grundlage dysfunktionaler Lernprozesse unter Wechselwirkung allgemeiner und spezfischer Risikofaktoren und gehen mit neuronalen Veränderungen ähnlich derer bei substanzgebundenen Süchten einher. Im Rahmen der Diagnostik stehen neben der kinder- und jugendpsychiatrischen/-psychotherapeutischen Exploration Fragebögen zur Verfügung, wobei ein einheitliches klinisches Vorgehen bislang fehlt. Die Behandlung umfasst in Abhängigkeit des Schweregrades ambulante, tagesklinische oder stationäre Therapieangebote mit kognitiv-behavioralen Elementen unter Einbezug der Eltern. Diese sind bislang nicht flächendeckend vorhanden und unzureichend evaluiert. Zudem existieren bislang wenige Untersuchungen zur Wirksamkeit von Präventionsmaßnahmen bei MBS im Kindes- und Jugendalter. Eine Vertiefung der Forschung ist dringend geboten.
Abstract. Media-associated disorders (MAD) describe the problematic use of the internet, certain electronic devices in general as well as digital applications. During childhood and adolescence, digital games and social media are the most commonly used applications. In May 2019, as first MAD “gaming disorder” was included as a clinical diagnosis in the ICD-11. The prevalence of MAD in German children and adolescents is estimated to lie between 3 % and 5 %. In most cases, MAD are accompanied by psychiatric comorbidities. MAD ensue because of dysfunctional learning processes in combination with general and specific risk factors. They are associated with neural changes like those of substance-associated addictions. Diagnostics can be based on validated questionnaires and clinical exploration, though a standardized diagnostic path is not yet common. Treatment depends on the level of severity and generally comprises outpatient, day-clinic, and inpatient therapy approaches with elements from cognitive-behavioral therapy and under parental involvement. Suitable treatments are not yet available in all German regions and have also not been sufficiently evaluated. Moreover, only a few studies exist on the efficacy of prevention measures addressing MAD in children and adolescents. Thus, further research is strongly required.
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