The sense of presence in virtual environments:
A three-component scale measuring spatial presence, involvement, and realness
Abstract
Abstract. The sense of presence is the feeling of being there in a virtual environment. A three-component self report scale to measure sense of presence is described, the components being sense of spatial presence, involvement, and realness. This three-component structure was developed in a survey study with players of 3D games (N = 246) and replicated in a second survey study (N = 296); studies using the scale for measuring the effects of interaction on presence provide evidence for validity. The findings are explained by the Potential Action Coding Theory of presence, which assumes that presence develops from mental model building and suppression of the real environment.
Zusammenfassung. Präsenz in einer virtuellen Umgebung zu erleben, heißt, das Gefühl zu haben, sich in dieser virtuellen Umgebung zu befinden. Es wird eine Skala zur Messung von Präsenzerleben vorgestellt, die drei Komponenten erfasst: räumliche Präsenz, Involviertheit und Realitätsurteil. Diese Struktur wurde in einer Studie mit Nutzer/inne/n virtueller Umgebungen (N = 246) entwickelt und in einer zweiten Studie (N = 296) repliziert. Experimente zu den Wirkungen von Interaktivität auf Präsenz liefern erste Evidenz für die Validität der Skala. Die Ergebnisse werden auf der Basis der Potential Action Coding Theory interpretiert, die Präsenz als Folge der Enkodierung potenzieller Handlungen und der Unterdrückung der realen Umgebung erklärt.
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