ISS – ein Instrument zur Erfassung elterlicher Steuerungsstrategien in der Essenssituation
Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Vorgestellt wird ein Instrument zur Erhebung mütterlicher Steuerungsstrategien in der Essenssituation (ISS), für deren Erfassung bislang kein deutschsprachiges, überprüftes Instrument vorliegt. Dazu wurde an 163 Müttern mit Vorschulkindern ein auf Grundlage bereits existierender englischsprachiger Instrumente (CFQ, CFSQ) sowie Fokusinterviews mit Experten und Müttern entstandener Itempool überprüft. Die Studie berichtet über die faktoren- und itemanalytischen Ergebnisse, nach denen sich 21 Items als trennscharf und verständlich erwiesen. Eine explorative Faktorenanalyse ergab sechs Faktoren, die zusammen 68% der Varianz aufklärten. Sie umfassen aktive Strategien, wie Restriktion, Drängen und Belohnung, aber auch passive Steuerung durch Vorbild, Monitoring und die Stärkung der Eigenverantwortung des Kindes. Analysen zu Unterschieden im Steuerungsverhalten der Mutter bestätigten die Fähigkeit des Instrumentes zur Differenzierung zwischen Müttern mit verschiedenem sozioökonomischen Status und Kindern unterschiedlichen Gewichts.
Abstract. We present an instrument to identify parental feeding strategies (ISS), for which no German instrument exists at present. In a sample of 163 mothers with preschool children an item pool generated from existent questionnaires (CFQ, CFSQ) and focus interviews with experts and mothers was tested in the first step. The results of the factor and item analyses are presented showing that 21 items proved selective and comprehensible. Exploratory factor analysis produced six factors explaining 68% of the total variance. These factors contain active strategies, like restriction, pressure and rewarding, as well as passive strategies, like modelling, monitoring, and allowing the child to choose. Analyses of differences within mother’s feeding style support the ability of the instrument to distinguish between mothers with diverse social backgrounds and children with different weight status.
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