Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Mentale Vorstellungsbilder spielen bei zahlreichen kognitiven, motorischen und emotionalen Prozessen eine bedeutende Rolle. Die Spontaneous Use of Imagery Scale (SUIS; Kosslyn, Chabris, Shephard & Thompson, 1998) ist ein Selbstbeurteilungsinstrument zur Erfassung von interindividuellen Unterschieden hinsichtlich des alltäglichen Gebrauchs mentaler Vorstellungsbilder. In zwei Studien wurde eine deutsche Adaption der SUIS entwickelt und psychometrisch erprobt. Mittels konfirmatorischer Faktorenanalyse wurde in beiden Studien die Eindimensionalität der Skala nachgewiesen. Erste Validitätshinweise ergeben sich aus Beziehungen der SUIS zu Maßen von bildhaften (visuell-imaginativen) sowie verbal-gedanklichen kognitiven Stilen (Studie 1, N = 216). Mit der deutschen Version konnten auch positive Zusammenhänge mit Hypomanie repliziert werden. In der zweiten Studie (N = 447) konnte die interne Konsistenz der deutschen Version durch eine Erweiterung der Skala deutlich verbessert werden. Mit der erweiterten Version der SUIS liegt nun erstmalig für den deutschsprachigen Raum ein Instrument vor, das die Imaginationsneigung reliabel erfassen kann.
Abstract. Mental imagery plays an important role in numerous cognitive, motoric, and emotional processes. The Spontaneous Use of Imagery Scale (SUIS; Kosslyn, Chabris, Shephard & Thompson, 1998) is a self-report measure for assessing interindividual differences in the everyday use of mental images. In two studies, a German adaptation of the SUIS was developed and validated. Using confirmatory factor analysis, we demonstrated the unidimensionality of the scale in both studies. Associations between the SUIS and measures of visual imaginative and verbal cognitive styles provide evidence for the convergent and discriminant validity (Study 1, N = 216). Using the German version, relationships between the SUIS and hypomania could be replicated. In the second study (N = 447), the internal consistency of the German version could be considerably improved by adding further items. In sum, the extended German version of the SUIS is a reliable measure for assessing the tendency to use mental imagery.
Literatur
2011). Developing a measure of interpretation bias for depressed mood: An ambiguous scenarios test. Personality and Individual Differences, 51, 349 – 354.
(1909). The distribution and functions of mental imagery. New York, NY: Teachers College.
(2007). Intrusive images in PTSD and in traumatised and non-traumatised depressed patients: A cross-sectional clinical study. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 45, 2053 – 2065.
(2013). Optimism and mental imagery: A possible cognitive marker to promote well-being? Psychiatry Research, 206, 56 – 61.
(1977). On the mean and variance of the tetrachoric correlation coefficient. Psychometrika, 42, 347 – 355.
(2011). Einführung in die Test- und Fragebogenkonstruktion (3., aktualisierte Aufl.). München: Pearson.
(2007). Copingstile im Umgang mit depressiver Stimmung. Faktorenstruktur und psychometrische Gütekriterien der deutschen Version des Response Styles Questionnaire (RSQ). Zeitschrift für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie, 36, 36 – 45.
(2012). In-vivo activation of anticipatory vs. post-event autobiographical images and memories in social anxiety. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 31, 783 – 809.
(1995). A cognitive model of social phobia. In R. G. HeimbergM. R. LiebowitzD. A. HopeF. R. SchneierEds., Social phobia: Diagnosis, assessment, and treatment (pp. 69 – 93). New York, NY: Guilford.
(1982). Hypnotizability, daydreaming styles, imagery vividness, and absorption: A multidimensional study. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 42, 915 – 926.
(2010). An exploration of prospective imagery: The Impact of Future Events Scale. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 38, 201 – 209.
(1986). Development and validation of a scale for hypomanic personality. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 95, 214 – 222.
(2004). Lehrbuch der psychologischen Diagnostik. Mit Hinweisen zur Intervention (3. Aufl.). Göttingen: Hogrefe.
(2002). Distinct and overlapping features of rumination and worry: The relationship of cognitive production to negative affective states. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 26, 179 – 188.
(2015). Implicit affect after mental imagery: Introduction of a novel measure and relations to depressive symptoms in a non-clinical sample. Journal of Experimental Psychopathology, 6, 59 – 81.
(2010). Cognition and depression: Current status and future directions. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 6, 285 – 312.
(2004). Reflecting on imagery: A clinical perspective and overview of the special issue of memory on mental imagery and memory in psychopathology. Memory, 12, 389 – 402.
(2011). Cognitions in bipolar affective disorder and unipolar depression: Imagining suicide. Bipolar Disorders, 13, 651 – 661.
(1987). Paradoxical sex differences in self-reported imagery. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 41, 287 – 302.
(2006). Beck Depressions-Inventar. (BDI-II) (2. Aufl.). Frankfurt am Main: Harcourt Test Services.
(2006). Treating Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficients as data in counseling research. The Counseling Psychologist, 34, 630 – 660.
(2011). Mood stability versus mood instability in bipolar disorder: A possible role for emotional mental imagery. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49, 707 – 713.
(2008). Mental imagery as an emotional amplifier: Application to bipolar disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 46, 1251 – 1258.
(2009). Mental imagery and emotion in treatment across disorders: Using the example of depression. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 38, 21 – 28.
(2008). Prospective and positive mental imagery deficits in dysphoria. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 46, 976 – 981.
(2005). Mental imagery and emotion: A special relationship? Emotion, 5, 489 – 497.
(2006). Positive interpretation training: Effects of mental imagery versus verbal training on positive mood. Behavior Therapy, 37, 237 – 247.
(2008). The causal effect of mental imagery on emotion assessed using picture-word cues. Emotion, 8, 395 – 409.
(1965). A rationale and test for the number of factors in factor analysis. Psychometrika, 30, 179 – 185.
(2011). IBM SPSS Statistics 20. Chicago, IL: IBM Corp.
(2014). Mental imagery in bipolar affective disorder versus unipolar depression: Investigating cognitions at times of ‘positive’ mood. Journal of Affective Disorders, 166, 234 – 242.
(2005). Mental object rotation and egocentric body transformation: Two dissociable processes? Spatial Cognition and Computation, 5, 217 – 237.
(1988). Verbal and visual learning styles. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 13, 169 – 184.
(1998). Spontaneous Use of Imagery Scale (SUIS). Unpublished. Zugriff am 07. 07. 2011 unter http://isites.harvard.edu/icb/icb.do?keyword=kosslynlab&pageid=icb.page675568
(2001). Neural foundations of imagery. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 2, 635 – 642.
(2006). The case for mental imagery. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
(2005). Spatial versus object visualizers: A new characterization of visual cognitive style. Memory and Cognition, 33, 710 – 726.
(2012). Cognitive bias modification using mental imagery for depression: Developing a novel computerized intervention to change negative thinking styles. European Journal of Personality, 26, 145 – 157.
(1981). Das State-Trait-Angstinventar. Theoretische Grundlagen und Handanweisung. Weinheim: Beltz Test.
(1994). Testaufbau und Testanalyse (5. Aufl.). Weinheim: Beltz.
(2013). A meta-analysis on gender differences in mental rotation ability measured by the purdue spatial visualization tests: Visualization of rotations (PSVT: R). Educational Psychology Review, 25, 69 – 94.
(1973). Visual imagery differences in the recall of pictures. British Journal of Psychology, 64, 17 – 24.
(1999). Imagery use in sport: A literature review and applied model. The Sport Psychologist, 13, 245 – 268.
(2012). Better than I thought: Positive evaluation bias in hypomania. PLoS One, 7(10), e47754.
(2012). More than words? Hypomanic personality traits, visual imagery and verbal thought in young adults. Consciousness and Cognition, 21, 1375 – 1381.
(2000). Hypomane Persönlichkeit–Psychometrische Evaluation und erste Ergebnisse zur Validität der deutschen Version der Chapman-Skala. Zeitschrift für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie, 29, 35 – 42.
(2011). Prospective mental imagery in patients with major depressive disorder or anxiety disorders. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 25, 1032 – 1037.
(2011). SenseCam, imagery and bias in memory for well-being. Memory, 19, 768 – 777.
(2010). Intrusive imagery in severe health anxiety: Prevalence, nature and links with memories and maintenance cycles. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 48, 792 – 798.
(1998 – 2011). Mplus User’s Guide. (6th ed.) Los Angeles, CA: Muthén & Muthén.
(1991). A prospective study of depression and posttraumatic stress symptoms after a natural disaster: The 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61, 115 – 121.
(2008). Rethinking rumination. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 3, 400 – 424.
(1969). Mental imagery in associative learning and memory. Psychological Review, 76, 241 – 263.
(2013). Assessing mental imagery in clinical psychology: A review of imagery measures and a guiding framework. Clinical Psychology Review, 33, 1 – 23.
(2013). Mental imagery. Frontiers in Psychology, 4, 198.
(1985). Individual differences in phenomenological experience: States of consciousness as a function of absorption. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 48, 125 – 132.
(2003). Intuitions and introspections about imagery: The role of imagery experience in shaping an investigator’s theoretical views. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 17, 147 – 160.
(1995). Gender differences in the Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire: A meta-analysis. Journal of Mental Imagery, 19, 177 – 187.
(2000). Imaging ability and eyewitness accuracy. Journal of Mental Imagery, 24, 137 – 148.
(1995). Die Absorption-Skala: Konzeptuelle Aspekte, psychometrische Kennwerte und Dimensionalität einer deutschsprachigen Adaptation. Diagnostica, 41, 53 – 61.
(2011). Multidimensional structure of the Hypomanic Personality Scale. Psychological Assessment, 23, 504 – 522.
(2012). Psychophysiologische Belastungsreaktivität nach einem simulierten Feuer in einer Parkgarage. Zeitschrift für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie, 41, 180 – 189.
(2003). Evaluating the fit of structural equation models: Tests of significance and descriptive goodness-of-fit measures. Methods of Psychological Research Online, 8, 23 – 74.
(2007). Richtlinien für die Übersetzung fremdsprachlicher Messinstrumente. Diagnostica, 53, 1 – 2.
(2008). Gender differences in dream recall: A meta-analysis. Journal of Sleep Research, 17, 125 – 131.
(2010). Some guidelines concerning the modeling of traits and abilities in test construction. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 26, 1 – 2.
(1982). The relationship between imagery and creativity. Imagination, Cognition and Personality, 2, 115 – 123.
(1967). A shortened form of Betts’ Questionnaire Upon Mental Imagery. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 23, 386 – 389.
(2009). Human perceptual learning by mental imagery. Current Biology, 19, 2081 – 2085.
(1974). Openness to absorbing and self-altering experiences („absorption“), a trait related to hypnotic susceptibility. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 83, 268 – 277.
(2012). Visual imagery and rumination as cognitive representations in major depressive disorder: A preliminary study. Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business, 4, 777 – 789.
(2013). Cognitive bias modification in pre-adolescent children: Inducing an interpretation bias affects self-imagery. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 37, 547 – 556.
(