Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Neuere Forschung deutet darauf hin, dass neben der Furcht vor negativer Evaluation (FNE) auch die Furcht vor positiver Evaluation (FPE) eine wesentliche Rolle für die soziale Phobie spielt. Zur Untersuchung dieses Konstrukts entwickelten Weeks, Heimberg und Rodebaugh (2008) die Fear of Positive Evaluation Scale (FPES). Da die FPE bislang nicht im deutschsprachigen Raum untersucht wurde, werden in dieser Arbeit eine Übersetzung der FPES und ihre Validierung anhand von 4 Studien vorgestellt. Neben einem einfaktoriellen Messmodell konnten interne Konsistenz und die Abgrenzung zur FNE gefunden werden. Zudem demonstrierte die Skala eine angemessene Test-Retest-Reliabilität sowie gute Konstruktvalidität, Kriteriumsvalidität und Sensitivität bei sozial phobischen Patientinnen und Patienten. Zusammenfassend weist die deutsche FPES gute psychometrische Eigenschaften auf und trägt zu einer verbesserten Erfassung von sozialer Phobie bei.
Abstract. Recent research suggests that besides the fear of negative evaluation (FNE), fear of positive evaluation (FPE) also plays an important role in social anxiety disorder. To examine this construct, Weeks, Heimberg, and Rodebaugh (2008) developed the Fear of Positive Evaluation Scale (FPES). As the FPE has not yet been examined in the German-speaking area, this study presents a translation and validation of the FPES based on 4 studies. A one-factor model, internal consistency, and distinction of FNE were found. Furthermore, the scale demonstrated appropriate retest reliability as well as good construct validity, criterion validity and sensitivity for patients with social anxiety disorder. In sum, the German FPES comes with good psychometric properties and contributes to a better measurement of social anxiety disorder.
Literatur
2007). Threat-related attentional bias in anxious and nonanxious individuals: A meta-analytic study. Psychological Bulletin, 133, 1 – 24.
(1990). Fit indexes, language multipliers, constraint changes and incomplete data in structural models. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 25, 163 – 172.
(1995). EQS structural equations program manual. Encino, CA: Multivariate Software.
(2013). Ein Video-Set zur experimentellen Untersuchung von Emotionen bei sozialen Interaktionen: Validierung und erste Daten zu neuronalen Effekten. Zeitschrift für Psychiatrie, Psychologie und Psychotherapie, 61, 81 – 91.
(2002). Online assessment: desirable or dangerous?. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 33, 148 – 154.
(2001).
(A cognitive perspective on social phobia . In W. R. CrozierL. E. AldenHrsg., International handbook of social anxiety: Concepts, research and interventions relating to the self and shyness (S. 405 – 430). Chichester: Wiley.1995).
(A cognitive model of social phobia . In R. G. HeimbergM. LiebowitzD. HopeF. SchneierEds., Social Phobia: Diagnosis, assessment, and treatment (S. 69 – 93). New York, NY: Guilford.1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
(2013). ICD-10-GM 2014. Systematisches Verzeichnis. Internationale statistische Klassifikation der Krankheiten und verwandter Gesundheitsprobleme, 10. Revision–German Modification, Version 2014. Köln: Deutscher Ärzte-Verlag.
(2012). Social anxiety and emotion regulation in daily life: Spillover effects on positive and negative social events. Cognitive Behavior Therapy, 41, 152 – 162.
(2009). The Fear of Positive Evaluation Scale: Psychometric properties in a clinical sample. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 23, 1177 – 1183.
(2000). Memory bias in generalized social phobia: Remembering negative emotional expressions. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 14, 501 – 519.
(2001). The Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale: A comparison of the psychometric properties of self-report and clinician-administered formats. Psychological Medicine, 31, 1025 – 1035.
(2001). Evolution and social anxiety–The role of attraction, social competition, and social hierarchies. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 24, 723 – 751.
(2014).
(Evolutionary models: Pratical and conceptual utility for the treatment and study of social anxiety disorder . In J. W. Weeks (Hrg.), The Wiley-Blackwell Handbook of social anxiety disorder (S. 24 – 52). Chichester: Wiley.1999). Attentional biases for facial expressions in social phobia: The face-in-the-crowd paradigm. Cognition & Emotion, 13, 305 – 318.
(2012). Allgemeine Depressionsskala (2. überarbeitete und neu normierte Aufl.). Göttingen: Hogrefe.
(1999). Psychometric properties of the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale. Psychological Medicine, 29, 199 – 212.
(2010).
(A cognitive behavioral model of social anxiety disorder: Update and extension . In S. G. HofmannP. M. DibartoloEds., Social Anxiety–Clinical, Developmental, and social perspectives (S. 395 – 422). New York, NY: Academic Press.1992). Assessment of anxiety in social interaction and being observed by others: the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale and the Social Phobie Scale. Behavior Therapy, 23, 53 – 73.
(1999). Cutoff criteria for cit indexes in covariance structure analysis: conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6, 1 – 55.
(2006). LISREL 8.80 for Windows [Computer Software]. Lincolnwood, IL: Scientific Software International, Inc.
(2007). Social anxiety spectrum and diminished positive experiences: Theoretical synthesis and meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 27, 348 – 365.
(2010). Social anxiety and the experience of positive emotion and anger in everyday life: an ecological momentary assessment approach. Anxiety, Stress & Coping, 23, 259 – 272.
(2005). Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the national comorbidity survey replication. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62, 768 – 768.
(2007). Event-related potentials to schematic faces in social phobia. Cognition & Emotion, 21, 1721 – 1744.
(2003). Soziale Ängste und psychische Krankheiten. Psychotherapie im Dialog, 4, 68 – 74.
(2012). Social anxiety and eating disorder comorbidity: The role of negative social evaluation fears. Eating Behaviors, 13, 27 – 35.
(1987). Social phobia. Modern Problems of Pharmacopsychiatry, 22, 141 – 173.
(1998). Testaufbau und Testkonstruktion (6. Aufl.). Weinheim: Beltz.
(2014). A multi-informant approach to assessing fear of positive evaluation in socially anxious adolescents. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 23, 1247 – 1257.
(1996). Recognition bias for critical faces in social phobics. Behaviour Research Therapy, 34, 787 – 794.
(1998). Development and validation of measures of social phobia scrutiny fear and social interaction anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 36, 455 – 470.
(2003).
(Klassifikation und Beschreibung einzelner Emotionen . In D. UlichP. MayringEds., Psychologie der Emotionen (S. 131 – 181). Stuttgart: Kohlhammer.1992). Comparing correlated correlation-coefficients. Psychological Bulletin, 111, 172 – 175.
(2009). What is the core fear in social phobia? A new model to facilitate individualized case conceptualization and treatment. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 16, 123 – 134.
(2009). In the absence of rose-colored glasses: Ratings of self-attributes and their differential certainty and importance across multiple dimensions in social phobia. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 47, 66 – 70.
(2009). Early cortical processing of natural and artificial emotional faces differs between lower and higher socially anxious persons. Journal of Neural Transmission, 116, 735 – 746.
(2013). EFS Survey (Version 9.1) [Online Software]. Köln-Hürth: QuestBack GmbH.
(1997). A cognitive-behavioral model of anxiety in social phobia. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 35, 741 – 756.
(2015). Angst vor negativer sozialer Bewertung: Übersetzung und Validierung der Furcht vor negativer Evaluation–Kurzskala (FNE-K). Advance online publication. doi: 10.1026/0012-1924/a000148
(2015). “Don’t put me down but don’t be too nice to me either“: Fear of positive vs. negative evaluation and responses to positive vs. negative social-evaluative films. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 46, 164 – 169.
(2002). Belief and feeling: evidence for an accessibility model of emotional self-report. Psychological Bulletin, 128, 934 – 960.
(2007). The reverse of social anxiety is not always the opposite: The reverse-scored items of the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale do not belong. Behavior Therapy, 38, 192 – 206.
(2012). The longitudinal relationship between fear of positive evaluation and fear of negative evaluation. Anxiety Stress and Coping, 25, 167 – 182.
(2009). Screening for social anxiety disorder with the self-report version of the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale. Depression and Anxiety, 26, 34 – 38.
(2003).
(Liebowitz Soziale Angst Skala (LSAS) . In C. I. P. ScalarumEd., Internationale Skalen für Psychiatrie (5. vollständig überarbeitete und erweiterte Aufl.). Göttingen: Hogrefe.1980). Statistically-based tests for the number of common factors. Paper Presented at the Annual meeting of the Psychometric Society. Iowa City, Iowa.
(2000). Social phobia and interpretation of social events. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 38, 273 – 283.
(1989). An empirically derived inventory to measure social fears and anxiety: the Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory. Psychological Assessment, 1, 35 – 40.
(1995). Social anxiety and standard setting following social success or failure. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 19, 613 – 631.
(1997). Social phobia and positive social events: The price of success. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 106, 416 – 424.
(2008). The Fear of Positive Evaluation Scale: Assessing a proposed cognitive component of social anxiety. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 22, 44 – 55.
(2012). Psychometric evaluation of the Fear of Positive Evaluation Scale in patients with social anxiety disorder. Psychological Assessment, 24, 301 – 312.
(2008). Exploring the relationship between fear of positive evaluation and social anxiety. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 22, 386 – 400.
(2013). Gaze avoidance in social anxiety disorder. Depression and Anxiety, 30, 749 – 756.
(2010). Comparing and contrasting fears of positive and negative evaluation as facets of social anxiety. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 29, 68 – 94.
(