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Allgemeine und spezifische Entwicklung von Cybermobbing unter Jugendlichen

Ergebnisse aus repräsentativen Befragungen unter niedersächsischen Schülerinnen und Schülern

Published Online:April 01, 2020https://doi.org/10.1026/0942-5403/a000304

Abstract

Zusammenfassung. Obgleich angesichts steigender Ausstattungsquoten Jugendlicher mit digitalen Medien davon ausgegangen werden kann, dass die Prävalenzraten für das Phänomen Cybermobbing (CM) steigen, liegen bisher kaum belastbare Prävalenzschätzungen und Zeitreihen für Deutschland vor. Anhand repräsentativer Befragungen aus den Jahren 2013, 2015 und 2017 im Bundesland Niedersachsen soll im Rahmen des Beitrags der zeitliche Verlauf des Phänomens untersucht werden. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass CM-Viktimisierung über die Beobachtungsjahre statistisch bedeutsam ansteigt. Anhand differenzierter Analysen kann zudem belegt werden, dass es hinsichtlich des Geschlechts zu einer Angleichung kommt und die Gruppe der Jugendlichen mit Migrationshintergrund zunehmend betroffen ist. Im Hinblick auf die CM-Täterschaft erweist sich der zeitliche Trend als weitgehend stabil. Allerdings weisen die Analysen darauf hin, dass für männliche Befragte wie für Jugendliche mit Migrationshintergrund steigende Prävalenzraten zu beobachten sind.


General and Specific Trends in Cyberbullying: Results of Representative Surveys Among Pupils in Lower Saxony

Abstract. Definitions of cyberbullying (CB) in the literature are largely heterogeneous. Nevertheless, there seems to be a general consensus that cyberbullying involves continuing and intentional behaviors with the purpose of inflicting direct or indirect harm. In contrast to offline bullying, cyberbullying perpetrators degrade their target‍(s) using digital communication media such as chats, news groups, E-Mails, and social networks (e. g., Facebook or Instagram) or video platforms (e. g., YouTube). Cyberbullying is especially prevalent among adolescents. The estimated prevalence varies depending on the informant (teachers, parents, self-report) as well as on the sampling methodology (online survey, representative survey) and the age groups included in the study. The personal suffering induced by adolescent cyberbullying is comparable in severity to that of offline bullying. Given the increasing availability and time investment in the area of social media, an increase in cyberbullying prevalence might be expected. However, reliable current statistics for the Federal Republic of Germany are scarce. The present study presents data stemming from three representative surveys among ninth-grade students in Lower Saxony. In 2013, 9,512 adolescents from 485 classes were interviewed, which corresponds to a response rate of 64.4 % (50.7 % male, 24.3 % migration background). In 2015, 10,638 adolescents from 545 classes (response rate 68.5 %; 50.1 % male, 24.0 % migration background), and in 2017 8,938 adolescents from 479 classes were reached (response rate: 59.2 %; 49.0 % male, 27.7 % migration background). On the basis of these surveys the temporal development of cyberbullying is investigated. Cyberbulling was recorded by examining four different statements on different facets (harassment, denigration, trickery, exclusion) of the phenomenon. Our results suggest that cyberbullying victimization significantly increased between 2013 and 2017. While the prevalence in 2013 was 3.6 %, it increased to 6.1 % in 2017. According to further analyses, the victimization rates of boys and girls seem to level whereas victimization rates among adolescents with a migration background increased. With regard to cyberbullying perpetration, the temporal trend is largely stable. More nuanced analyses suggest an increase in the prevalence for male adolescents as well as for those with a migration background, while prevalence rates appear to be decreasing for female adolescents as well as those without a migration background. This divergence is potentially informative regarding prevention efforts and suggests the conception of target group-specific interventions and programs. Furthermore, the idea of routine diagnostic assessments in schools can be suggested. Regular and mandatory screening surveys could help to identify problem constellations at the earliest possible stage and can help to provide adequate care for those affected in a timely manner.

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