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Originalia

Elterlicher Alkoholmissbrauch

Risikofaktor für eine Essstörung der Töchter

Published Online:September 01, 2006https://doi.org/10.1026/0943-8149.13.2.58

Abstract

Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: In den letzten zwei Jahrzehnten wurden die psychischen Auswirkungen elterlichen Alkoholismus auf deren Kinder (children of alcoholics) verstärkt betrachtet. Fragestellung: Hintergrund der Studie ist die Frage, ob das Aufwachsen in einer Familie, in der ein Elternteil an einer Alkoholstörung erkrankt ist, insbesondere für die Töchter das Risiko erhöht, an einer Essstörung zu erkranken. Vorausgegangene Studien analysierten, (a) inwieweit bei essgestörten Frauen eine Alkoholstörung bei deren Eltern vorlag bzw. (b) ob bei alkoholerkrankten Eltern die Rate töchterlicher Essstörungen erhöht war. Die bis heute uneindeutige Befundlage sollte in der Studie eruiert werden. Methode: Es wurden zwei Ansätze verfolgt: (a) Untersuchung 100 essgestörter Frauen (13-26 J.) mittels klinischer Interviews und Fragebögen ([1] Familiengeschichte, [2] Children of Alcoholics Screening Test (CAST)), (b) Untersuchung 47 alkoholerkrankter Elternteile über wahrgenommene Essstörungssymptome der Töchter ([1] klinische Interviews, [2] Eating Attitudes Test 26 - Fremdauskunft, [3] Subskalen des Eating Disorder Inventory EDI - Fremdauskunft; sowie Befragung von deren Töchtern (N = 54) [EAT-26, EDI, CAST]. Ergebnisse: Die Ergebnisse können unsere Hypothese, dass es einen Zusammenhang zwischen Essstörung der Töchter und dem Alkoholabusus der Eltern gibt, stützen. Für Untersuchungsstichprobe (a) (Töchter) ergab sich eine Rate elterlicher Alkoholerkrankungen von 47% (Grundrate in der Allgemeinbevölkerung 1.1-4%). Für Untersuchungsstichprobe (b) (Eltern mit Alkoholerkrankung) wurde eine töchterliche Rate an Essstörungssymptomen von ca. 40% ermittelt (Essstörungsraten bei jungen Frauen z.B. 3% für Bulimie, 10% für subklinische Essstörungssymptome). Schlussfolgerung: Elterlicher Alkoholabusus stellt einen bedeutsamen Risikofaktor für die Entwicklung einer Essstörung bei Töchtern dar. Die Ergebnisse werden vor dem Hintergrund familiärer Sozialisation und der allgemeinen Transmission psychischer Störungen diskutiert.


Parental alcohol misuse. Risk factors for eating disorders in their daughters

Abstract. Background: In the last two decades psychological effects on children of alcoholics (COA) have gained importance. Objective: The question of the present study is, could growing up in a household with an alcoholic or alcohol-abusing parent increase the risk for their daughters developing an eating disorder? Recent studies analyzed: (a) if women with an eating disorder have higher rates of parents with drinking problems (b) if daughters of parents with alcohol problems are at more risk of developing an eating disorder. Results up until now have proved inconclusive. Method: Following two different ways of examination: (a) assessement of 100 women with an eating disorder (13-26 years) by clinical interviews and questionnaires ([1] family history, [2] Children of Alcoholics Screening Test (CAST); (b) assessement of 47 alcohol-abusing parents to see if they have noticed symptoms of eating disorders in their daughters ([1] clinical interviews, [2] Eating Attitudes Test 26 and [3] Subscales of the Eating Disorder Inventory - EDI from the parents about their daughters) and additional inquiry of their daughters (N = 54) [EAT-26, EDI, CAST]. Results: The results could verify our hypothesis about a connection between eating disorder in daughters and parental alcohol-abuse. In sample (a) daughters we found a rate of parental alcohol-abuse of 47% (baseline of the population 1.1-4%). In sample (b) (parents with an alcohol problem) we found a rate of daughters with symptoms of an eating disorder of aproximately 40% (Rates of eating disorders of young women, e.g., 3% bulimia nervosa, 10% “less severe” symptoms of an eating disorder). Conclusions: Parental alcohol-abuse is an important risk factor in their daughters developing an eating disorder. Results are discussed against the background of familiar socialisation and the general transmission of psychological diseases.

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