Stress in der Kindheit sensitiviert für Stress im Erwachsenenalter
Eine Studie mit psychiatrischen Patienten
Abstract
Zusammenfassung.Theoretischer Hintergrund: Verschiedene Studien weisen darauf hin, dass Stress in der Kindheit dauerhaft für weitere Stresserfahrungen sensitiviert. Fragestellung: Besteht bei Patient/innen mit psychischen Erkrankungen ein Zusammenhang zwischen kindlicher Stressbelastung und Belastung durch Stress im Erwachsenenalter und gilt dieser unabhängig von der Diagnose? Methode: Basierend auf einem Interview zu kindlicher Stressbelastung wurden 16 Patient/innen mit besonders hoher und 20 Patient/innen bzw. 15 Kontrollen mit niedriger Belastung zweimalig zu aktuellen Lebensereignissen und deren subjektiv erlebter Belastung, sowie zum Erleben sozialer Stressoren befragt. Ergebnisse: Hoch-belastete Patient/innen wiesen mehr Lebensereignisse auf als wenig-belastete Patient/innen und Kontrollpersonen, erlebten diese subjektiv als belastender und zeigten eine höhere Belastung durch soziale Stressoren. Schlussfolgerung: Die Ergebnisse stützen die Hypothese einer dauerhaft erhöhten Empfindlichkeit für Stress durch kindliche Belastung.
Abstract.Background: Various studies suggest that early life stress (ELS) sensitizes individuals to stressful life events throughout life. Objective: Aim of this study was to demonstrate a relationship between ELS and stress experiences in adult psychiatric patients across diagnostic categories. Methods: Patients were interviewed for adverse experiences in childhood. 16 patients with high ELS and 20 patients and 15 controls with low ELS were recruited twice for assessment of life events, subjective strain induced by these events, and social stress. Results: High-ELS patients exhibited more life events, experienced them as more stressful, and were more sensitive to social stressors than low-ELS patients and controls. Conclusions: Results support the hypothesis that ELS increases the vulnerability for further stress later in life.
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