Abstract
Abstract. Logic from the model of intuitive morality and exemplars (MIME) suggests that narrative media emphasizing moral intuitions can increase the salience of those intuitions in audiences. To date, support for this logic has been limited to adults. Across two studies, the present research tested MIME predictions in early adolescents (ages 10–14). The salience of care, fairness, loyalty, and authority intuitions was manipulated in a pilot study with verbal prompts (N = 87) and in the main study with a comic book (N = 107). In both studies, intuition salience was measured after induction. The pilot study demonstrated that exposure to verbal prompts emphasizing care, fairness, and loyalty increased the salience of their respective intuitions. The main study showed that exposure to comic books emphasizing all four separate intuitions increased salience of their respective intuitions in early adolescents. Results are discussed in terms of relevance for the MIME and understanding narrative media’s influence on children’s moral judgments.
References
2003). The influence of media violence on youth. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 4(3), 81–110. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-1006.2003.pspi_1433.x
(1989). Human agency in social cognitive theory. American Psychologist, 44, 1175–1184. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.44.9.1175
(2006).
(A theoretical model of the effects and consequences of playing video games . In P. VordererJ. BryantEds., Playing video games: Motives, responses, and consequences (pp. 363–378). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.1998). Adaptiveness of food learning and food aversions in children. Social Science Information, 37, 613–632.
(2020). pwr. R Package version 1.3-0.
(2013). Is two-tailed testing for directional research hypotheses tests legitimate? Journal of Business Research, 66(9), 1261–1266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2012.02.023
(2020). Considering moral foundations theory and the model of intuitive morality and exemplars in the context of child and adolescent development. Annals of the International Communication Association, 44(2), 129–138. https://doi.org/10.1080/23808985.2020.1755337
(2018). Helping behavior in Disney animated movies and children’s helping behavior in the Netherlands. Journal of Children and Media, 12, 159–174. https://doi.org/10.1080/17482798.2017.1409245
(2011). The influence of moral behaviors on person perception processes: An fMRI investigation (Doctoral dissertation). Michigan State University. Retrieved from MSU Libraries Electronic Theses and Dissertations.
(1979). Development of children’s prosocial moral judgment. Developmental Psychology, 15, 128–137. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.15.2.128
(2000). Contrasts and post hoc tests for one-way independent ANOVA using SPSS. https://web.archive.org/web/20181221035127/http://www.discoveringstatistics.com/repository/contrasts.pdf
(2005). Children’s learning from television. TelevIZIon, 18, 10–14.
(2014).
(The general learning model: Unveiling the learning potential in video games . In F. BlumbergEd., Learning by playing: Video gaming in education (pp. 121–142). Oxford University Press.2011). The developmental roots of fairness: Infants’ reactions to equal and unequal distributions of resources. Developmental Science, 14, 1012–1102. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7687.2011.01048.x
(2011). Mapping the moral domain. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 101, 366–385. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0021847
(2017). The importance of altruistic versus egoistic motivations: A content analysis of conflicted motivations in children’s television programming. Communication Reports, 30, 67–79. https://doi.org/10.1080/08934215.2016.1251602
(2001). The emotional dog and its rational tail: A social intuitionist approach to moral judgment. Psychological Review, 108, 814–834. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.108.4.814
(2008).
(Social intuitionists answer six questions about morality . In W. Sinnott-ArmstrongEd., Moral psychology: Vol. 2. The cognitive science of morality (pp. 181–217). MIT Press.2007).
(The moral mind: How 5 sets of innate intuitions guide the development of many culture-specific virtues, and perhaps even modules . In P. CarruthersS. LaurenceS. StichEds., The innate mind (Vol. 3, pp. 367–391). Oxford University Press.2013). Moral judgment and action in preverbal infants and toddlers evidence for an innate moral core. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 22, 186–193. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721412470687
(2013). Not like me = bad. Infants prefer those who harm dissimilar others. Psychological Science, 24, 589–594.
(2006). The role of media violence in violent behavior. Annual Review of Public Health, 27, 393–415. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.publhealth.26.021304.144640
(2020). Cross-codal integration of bridging-event information in narrative understanding. Memory & Cognition, 48, 942–956. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-020-01039-z
(1981). Essays on moral development, Vol. I: The philosophy of moral development. Harper & Row.
(1991). Children’s reasoning about three authority attributes: Adult status, knowledge, and social position. Developmental Psychology, 27, 321–329. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.27.2.321
(2002). One-tailed F-tests in communication research. Communication Monographs, 69, 132–143. https://doi.org/10.1080/714041709
(2008). Be kind to three-legged dogs: Children’s literal interpretations of TV’s moral lessons. Media Psychology, 11, 377–399. https://doi.org/10.1080/15213260802204355
(2013). Effects of conflict in tween sitcoms on US students’ moral reasoning about social exclusion. Journal of Children and Media, 7, 428–445. https://doi.org/10.1080/17482798.2013.785972
(2008). The roots of morality. Science, 320, 734–737. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.32.5877.734
(2018). Measuring the accessibility of moral intuitions: A validation study of the Moral Foundations-Affect Misattribution Procedure (MF-AMP) (Doctoral Dissertation). Michigan State University. https://d.lib.msu.edu/etd/19422
(2009).
(Media priming: An updated synthesis . In J. BryantM. B. OliverEds., Media effects: Advances in theory and research (pp. 74–93). Routledge.1976). Empathic distress in the newborn. Developmental Psychology, 12, 175–176. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.12.2.175
(2013).
(Model of intuitive morality and exemplars . In R. TamboriniEd., Media and the moral mind (pp. 43–74). Routledge.2017). The impact of terror attack news on moral intuitions and moral behavior towards outgroups. Mass Communication and Society, 20, 800–824. https://doi.org/10.1080/15205436.2017.1342130
(2016). Media’s influence on the accessibility of altruistic and egoistic motivations. Communication Research Reports, 33, 177–187. https://doi.org/10.1080/08824096.2016.1186627
(2016). The influence of media exposure on the accessibility of moral intuitions and associated affect. Journal of Media Psychology, 30, 79–90. https://doi.org/10.1027/1864-1105/a000183
(2008).
(The development of morality . In W. DamonR. M. LernerEds., Handbook of child psychology (pp. 473–516). Wiley.2003). The development of comprehension of main ideas in narratives: Evidence from the selection of titles. Journal of Educational Psychology, 95, 707–718. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.95.4.707
(2002).
(Exemplification theory of media influence . In J. BryantD. ZillmanEds., Media effects: Advances in theory and research (2nd ed., pp. 19–41). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.