Skip to main content
Published Online:https://doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335/a000160

This research investigates differences in the stereotype content of immigrant groups between linguistic regions. We expected that immigrant groups who speak the local language of a specific linguistic region would be perceived as more competitive within this region than in another linguistic region. Further, we expected these differences would underlie regional differences in stereotype content, albeit only for the warmth dimension. Predictions were tested in the two largest linguistic regions of Switzerland. As expected, in the German-speaking region, locals perceived German immigrants as more competitive and thus as less warm, whereas in the French-speaking region, locals perceived French immigrants as more competitive and, consequently, as less warm. So, paradoxically, immigrants with strong integration potential are particularly disliked because they are regarded as direct competitors.

References

  • Antonakis, J. , Bendahan, S. , Jacquart, P. , Lalive, R. (2010). On making causal claims: A review and recommandations. The Leadership Quarterly, 21, 1086–1120. doi 10.1016/j.leaqua.2010.10.010 First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Baron, R. A. , Byrne, D. (2000). Social psychology. Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Bickel, H. (2006). Switzerland: Language situation. In K. Brown, (Ed.), Encyclopedia of language and linguistics (2nd ed., Vol. 13, pp. 323–325). Amsterdam: Elsevier. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Binggeli, S. , Dietz, J. , & Krings, F. (2013). Immigrants: A forgotten minority. Industrial and Organizational Psychology: Perspectives on Science and Practice, 6, 107–113. doi 10.1111/ iops.12019 First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Binggeli, S. , Krings, F. , & Sczesny, S. (2013). Stereotype content of immigrant groups in Switzerland. Manuscript submitted for publication. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Byrne, D. (1971). The attraction paradigm. Buckingham, UK: Open University Press. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Caprariello, P. A. , Cuddy, A. J. C. , Fiske, S. T. (2009). Social structure shapes cultural stereotypes and emotions: A causal test of the stereotype content model. Group Processes and Intergroup Relations, 12, 147–155. doi 10.1177/1368430208101053 First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Cuddy, A. J. C. , Fiske, S. T. , Glick, P. (2007). The BIAS map: Behaviors from intergroup affect and stereotypes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92, 631–648. doi 10.1037/0022-3514.92.4.631 First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Cuddy, A. J. C. , Fiske, S. T. , Glick, P. (2008). Warmth and competence as universal dimensions of social perception: The stereotype content model and the BIAS map. In M. P. Zanna, (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 40, pp. 61–149). San Diego, CA: Elsevier. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Cuddy, A. J. C. , Fiske, S. T. , Kwan, V. S. Y. , Glick, P. , Demoulin, S. , Leyens, J. P. , Bond, M. H. , ... Ziegler, R. (2009). Stereotype content model across cultures: Toward universal similarities and some differences. British Journal of Social Psychology, 48, 1–33. doi 10.1348/014466608X314935 First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Eckes, T. (2002). Paternalistic and envious gender stereotypes: Testing predictions from the stereotype content model. Sex Roles, 47, 99–114. doi 10.1023/A:1021020920715 First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Efron, B. , Tibshirani, R. (1993). An introduction to the bootstrap. New York: Chapter & Hall. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Esses, V. M. , Dovidio, J. F. , Jackson, L. M. , Armstrong, T. L. (2001). The immigration dilemma: The role of perceived group competition, ethnic prejudice, and national identity. Journal of Social Issues, 57, 389–412. doi 10.1111/0022-4537.00220 First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Esses, V. M. , Jackson, L. M. , Armstrong, T. L. (1998). Intergroup competition and attitudes toward immigrants and immigration: An instrumental model of group conflict. Journal of Social Issues, 54, 699–724. doi 10.1111/0022-4537.911998091 First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Fiske, S. T. , Cuddy, A. J. C. , Glick, P. (2007). Universal dimensions of social cognition: Warmth and competence. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 11, 77–83. doi 10.1016/j.tics.2006.11.005 First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Fiske, S. T. , Cuddy, A. J. C. , Glick, P. , Xu, J. (2002). A model of (often mixed) stereotype content: Competence and warmth respectively follow from perceived status and competition. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82, 878–902. doi 10.1037//0022-3514.82.6.878 First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Gennetian, L. A. , Magnuson, K. , Morris, P.A. (2008). From statistical associations to causation: What developmentalists can learn from instrumental variables techniques coupled with experimental data. Developmental Psychology, 44, 381–394. doi 10.1037/0012-1649.44.2.381 First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Hall, M. , Singer, A. , De Jong, G. F. , Roempke Graefe, D. (2011). The geography of immigrant skills: Educational profiles of metropolitan areas. Washington, DC: Metropolitan Policy Program at Brookings Institution. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Hausman, J. (1978). Specification tests in Econometrics. Econometrica, 46, 1251–1271. doi 10.2307/1913827 First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • International Organization for Migration . (2010). World migration report 2010 – The future of migration: Building capacities for change. Retrieved from publications.iom.int/bookstore/index.php?main_page=product_info&cPath37&products_id=653&language=en First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Kennedy, P. (2003). A guide to econometrics (5th ed.). Cambridge, MA: MIT. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Lee, T. L. , Fiske, S. T. (2006). Not an outgroup, not yet an ingroup: Immigrants in the stereotype content model. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 30, 751–768. doi 10.1016/j.ijintrel.2006.06.005 First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Liebig, T. , Kohis, S. , & Krause, K. (2012). The labor market integration of immigrants and their children in Switzerland. OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers No. 128, Directorate for Employment, Labor and Social Affairs. Paris: OECD Publishing. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Matser, C. , Van Oudenhoven, J. P. , Askevis-Leherpeux, F. , Florack, A. , Hannover, B. , Rossier, J. (2010). Impact of relative size and language on the attitudes between nations and linguistic groups: The case of Switzerland. Applied Psychology, 59, 143–158. doi 10.1111/j.1464-0597.2008.00369.x First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Pettigrew, T. F. (1998). Reactions toward the new minorities of Western Europe. Annual Review of Sociology, 24, 77–103. doi 10.1146/annurev.soc.24.1.77 First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Russell, A. M. T. , & Fiske, S. T. (2008). It’s all relative: Competition and status drive interpersonal perception. European Journal of Social Psychology, 38, 1193–1201. doi 10.1002/ejsp.539 First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Rustenbach, E. (2010). Sources of negative attitudes toward immigrants in Europe: A multilevel analysis. International Migration Review, 44, 53–77. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Schwartz, S. J. , Unger, J. B. , Zamboanga, B. L. , Szapocznik, J. (2010). Rethinking the concept of acculturation implications for theory and research. American Psychologist, 65, 237–251. doi 10.1037/a609330 First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Sibley, C. G. , Duckitt, J. , Bergh, R. , Osborne, D. , Perry, R. , Asbrock, F. , Robertson, A. , ... Barlow, F. K. (2013). A dual process model of attitudes toward immigration: Person × residential area effects in a national sample. Political Psychology. doi 10.1111/pops.12009 First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Stephan, W. G. , Renfro, C. L. , Esses, V. M. , Stephan, C. W. , Martin, T. (2005). The effects of feeling threatened on attitudes toward immigrants. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 29, 1–19. doi 10.1016/j.ijintrel.2005.04.011 First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Stephan, W. G. , & Stephan, C. W. (2000). An integrated threat theory of prejudice. In S. Oskamp, (Ed.), Reducing prejudice and discrimination: Claremont symposium on applied social psychology (pp. 23–46). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Stephan, W. G. , Ybarra, O. , & Bachman, G. (1999). Prejudice toward immigrants. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 29, 2221–2237. doi 10.1111/j.1559-1816.1999.tb00107.x First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Stine, R. (1989). An introduction to bootstrap methods. Sociological Methods and Research, 18, 243–291. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Swiss Federal Statistical Office . (2013). Migration and integration. Retrieved from www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/en/index/themen/01/07.html First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Vallas, S. P. , Zimmerman, E. , Davis, S. N. (2009). Enemies of the state? Testing three models of anti-immigrant sentiment. Research in Social Stratification and Mobility, 27, 201–217. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Van Oudenhoven, J. P. , Askevis-Leherpeux, F. , Hannover, B. , Jaarsma, R. , Dardenne, B. (2002). Asymmetrical international attitudes. European Journal of Social Psychology, 32, 275–289. doi 10.1002/ejsp.89 First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Van Oudenhoven, J. P. , Selenko, E. , Otten, S. (2010). Effects of country size and language similarity on international attitudes: A six-nation study. International Journal of Psychology, 45, 48–55. doi 10.1080/00207590902914069 First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar