Dissociating Pathological Buying From Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms Using Delay Discounting
Abstract
Abstract. Pathological buying (PB) has been associated with elevated impulsivity in personality inventories, yet limited research has considered components of behavioral impulsivity. This study examined the relationship between discounting of delayed rewards, symptoms of PB, comorbid disorders (including obsessive-compulsive disorder, OCD), and trait impulsivity. One hundred three participants completed two delay discounting tasks (DDT). In addition to the traditional DDT, a loan variant assessing the preference to receive a certain amount of money immediately when a fixed amount has to be returned after a certain delay was included in this study. Regression analysis revealed that PB symptoms predicted steeper discounting functions in both variants of the DDT over and above the remaining symptom measures and trait impulsivity. In contrast, symptoms of OCD were associated with less delay discounting. With regard to delay discounting, PB seems to be more similar to behavioral addictions than to OCD.
References
1997). The Altman Self-Rating Mania Scale. Biological Psychiatry, 42, 948–955. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3223(96)00548-3
(2001). A comparative evaluation of three self-rating scales for acute mania. Biological Psychiatry, 50, 468–471. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3223(01)01065-4
(1987). Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation.
(2008). Are all facets of impulsivity related to self-reported compulsive buying behavior? Personality and Individual Differences, 44, 1432–1442. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2007.12.011
(2010). Pathological gambling and compulsive buying: Do they fall within an obsessive-compulsive spectrum? Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience, 12, 175–185.
(2009). The short version of the borderline symptom list (BSL-23): Development and initial data on psychometric properties. Psychopathology, 42, 32–39. https://doi.org/10.1159/000173701
(2011). Measurement of constructs using self-report and behavioral lab tasks: Is there overlap in nomothetic span and construct representation for impulsivity? Clinical Psychology Review, 31, 965–982. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2011.06.001
(2014). Neurocognitive functioning in compulsive buying disorder. Annals of Clinical Psychiatry, 26, 57–63.
(2004).
(Understanding and diagnosing compulsive buying . In R. H. CoombsEd., Handbook of addictive disorders: A practical guide to diagnosis and treatment (pp. 411–450). New York, NY: Wiley.2002). Cross-cultural comparisons of discounting delayed and probabilistic rewards. The Psychological Record, 52, 479–492. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03395199
(2014). New developments in human neurocognition: Clinical, genetic, and brain imaging correlates of impulsivity and compulsivity. CNS Spectrums, 19, 69–89. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1092852913000801
(2002). The obsessive-compulsive inventory: Development and validation of a short version. Psychological Assessment, 14, 485–496. https://doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.14.4.485
(2003). Impulsive decision making and working memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 29, 298–306. https://doi.org/10.1037/0278-7393.29.2.298
(2006). Is compulsive buying a real disorder, and is it really compulsive? The American Journal of Psychiatry, 163, 1670–1672.
(2000). Impulsivity. Journal of Psychopharmacology, 14, S39–S44. https://doi.org/10.1177/02698811000142S106
(2002). Within-subject comparison of real and hypothetical money rewards in delay discounting. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 77, 129–146. https://doi.org/10.1901/jeab.2002.77-129
(2012). Eine Kurzskala zur Messung von Impulsivität nach dem UPPS-Ansatz: Die Skala Impulsives-Verhalten-8 (I-8),
([A short scale for assessing impulsivity following the UPPS approach] . Köln, Germany: Gesis.2004). Cognitions in compulsive buying and acquisition. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 28, 241–258. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:COTR.0000021543.62799.32
(2005). Delay discounting of real and hypothetical rewards III: Steady-state assessments, forced-choice trials, and all real rewards. Behavioural Processes, 69, 173–187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beproc.2005.02.003
(2004). Rumination and future thinking in depression. The British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 43, 129–142. https://doi.org/10.1348/014466504323088015
(2014). Relationships that compulsive buying has with addiction, obsessive-compulsiveness, hoarding, and depression. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 55, 1137–1145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2014.03.005
(1997). Study of compulsive buying in depressed patients. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 58, 169–173. https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.v58n0406
(2011). Real and hypothetical rewards. Judgment and Decision Making, 6, 552–564.
(2011). Delayed reward discounting and addictive behavior: A meta-analysis. Psychopharmacology, 216, 305–321. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-011-2229-0
(2003). Delay discounting of real and hypothetical rewards. Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 11, 139–145. https://doi.org/10.1037/1064-1297.11.2.139
(1997). Impulsive and self-control choices in opioid-dependent patients and non-drug-using control patients: Drug and monetary rewards. Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 5, 256. https://doi.org/10.1037/1064-1297.5.3.256
(1994). Compulsive buying: A report of 20 cases. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 55, 242–248.
(2015). Compulsive buying. The American Journal on Addictions, 24, 132–137. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajad.12111
(2015). The pathological buying screener: Development and psychometric properties of a new screening instrument for the assessment of pathological buying symptoms. PLoS One, 10, e0141094. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0141094
(2001). Area under the curve as a measure of discounting. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 76, 235–243. https://doi.org/10.1901/jeab.2001.76-235
(2016). Effects of mood state on impulsivity in pathological buying. Psychiatry Research, 244, 351–356. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2016.08.009
(2014). Capacity to delay reward differentiates obsessive-compulsive disorder and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder. Biological Psychiatry, 75, 653–659. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.09.007
(2014).
(Compulsive buying disorder . In K. P. RosenbergL. C. FederEds., Behavioral addictions: Criteria, evidence, and treatment (pp. 285–315). New York, NY: Academic Press.2002). Standards for Internet-based experimenting. Experimental Psychology, 49, 243–256. https://doi.org/10.1026//1618-3169.49.4.243
(2014). Negative and positive urgency may both be risk factors for compulsive buying. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 3, 128–132. https://doi.org/10.1556/JBA.3.2014.011
(2003). Messgüte des vereinfachten Beck-Depressions-Inventars (BDI-V)
([Psychometric properties of the simplified Beck depression inventory (BDI-V)] . Diagnostica, 49, 147–156. https://doi.org/10.1026//0012-1924.49.4.1472000). Vorschlag zur Vereinfachung des Beck-Depressions-Inventars (BDI)
([A proposed simplification of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)] . Diagnostica, 46, 38–46. https://doi.org/10.1026/0012-1924.46.1.382008). Decision-making and risk aversion among depressive adults. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 39, 567–576. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2008.01.004
(2014). Behavioral components of impulsivity. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 143, 850–886. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0033981
(2001). The five factor model and impulsivity: Using a structural model of personality to understand impulsivity. Personality and Individual Differences, 30, 669–689. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(00)00064-7
(2002). The alcohol, smoking and substance involvement screening test (ASSIST): Development, reliability and feasibility. Addiction, 97, 1183–1194. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1360-0443.2002.00185.x
. (2012). Impulsivity, emotion regulation, and mindful attentional focus in compulsive buying. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 36, 451–457. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-011-9384-9
(