Associations of dietary B vitamins intakes with depression in adults
Abstract
Abstract:Background: The impact of the dietary B vitamins intakes on the development of depression has been scarcely investigated. Thus, this study aimed to examine the associations of dietary B vitamins intakes with the risk of depression in American adults. Methods: The data we used in this study were from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2014. We used the Logistic regression models to analyze the associations of the dietary intakes of B vitamins with the risk of depression. Results: 17,732 individuals (8,623 males and 9,109 females) were enrolled in the study and they were all 18 or older. Compared to the lowest quartile of dietary intake, the ORs (95%CIs) of the highest quartile were 0.64 (0.50–0.82), 0.78 (0.62–0.97), 0.60 (0.47–0.78), 0.65 (0.50–0.84), and 0.71 (0.54–0.95) for vitamin B1, vitamin B2, niacin, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12, respectively. Compared to the people whose dietary intakes below the RDA in the model 2, those with intake meeting the RDA of vitamin B1 (OR: 0.68; 95%CI: 0.56–0.84), niacin (OR: 0.65; 95%CI: 0.51–0.81), B6 (OR: 0.65; 95%CI: 0.52–0.81), or B12 (OR: 0.65; 95%CI: 0.48–0.88) had a lower risk of depression, severally. We also found a nonlinear negative association between dietary vitamin B1, vitamin B2, niacin, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 intakes and the risk of depression in the dose-response analyses, severally. Conclusions: Our results suggested that dietary vitamin B1, vitamin B2, niacin, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 intakes may be inversely associated with the risk of depression.
References
1 . Exploration of the association between dietary fiber intake and depressive symptoms in adults. Nutrition. 2018;54:48–53.
2 . Depression and Other Common Mental Disorders: Global Health Estimates 2017. Available from: http://www.who.int/mental_health/management/depression/prevalence_global_health_estimates/en/
3 . Global Health Estimates 2015: Disease burden by Cause, Age, Sex, by Country and by Region. 2000–2015. Available from: http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease/estimates/en/index2.html
4 . Should pharmacogenetics be incorporated in major depression treatment? Economic evaluation in high- and middle-income European countries. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2012;36(1):147–54.
5 , Projections of global mortality and burden of disease from 2002 to 2030. PLoS Med. 2006;3(11):e442.
6 What is the impact of mental health-related stigma on help-seeking? A systematic review of quantitative and qualitative studies. Psychol Med. 2015;45:11–27.
7 Adjuvant Rosa Damascena has a Small Effect on SSRI-induced Sexual Dysfunction in Female Patients Suffering from MDD. Randomized Controlled Trial. 2015;48:156–63.
8 Rosa damascena oil improves SSRI-induced sexual dysfunction in male patients suffering from major depressive disorders: results from a double-blind, randomized, and placebo-controlled clinical trial. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2015;11:625–35.
9 Sexual dysfunction associated with second-generation antidepressants in patients with major depressive disorder: results from a systematic review with network meta-analysis. Drug Saf. 2014;37:19–31.
10 . Coffee and caffeine consumption and depression: A meta-analysis of observational studies. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2016;50(3):228–42.
11 . Fruit and vegetable consumption and the risk of depression: A meta-analysis. Nutrition. 2016;32(3):296–302.
12 . Association of total zinc, iron, copper and selenium intakes with depression in the US adults. J Affect Disord. 2018;228:68–74.
13 . Dietary magnesium intake and risk of depression. J Affect Disord. 2019;246:627–32.
14 . Dietary folate, riboflavin, vitamin B-6, and vitamin B-12 and depressive symptoms in early adolescence: The Ryukyus child health study. Psychosom Med. 2010;72(8):763–8.
15 Dietary folate and depressive symptoms are associated in middle-aged Finnish men. J Nutr. 2003;133(10):3233–6.
16 . Vitamins and depression in persons with human immunodeficiency virus infection: The Positive Living with HIV (POLH) Study. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo). 2016;62(2):388–96.
17 Impact of dietary folate intake on depressive symptoms in young women of reproductive age. J Midwifery Womens Health. 2012;57(1):43–8.
18 . Associations between dietary pattern and depression in Korean adolescent girls. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2015;28(6):533–7.
19 Dietary folate and vitamins B12, B6, and B2 intake and the risk of postpartum depression in Japan: the Osaka Maternal and Child Health Study. J Affect Disord. 2006;96(1–2):133–8.
20 Dietary intake of folate, other B vitamins, and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in relation to depressive symptoms in Japanese adults. Nutrition. 2008;24(2):140–7.
21 . Intakes of folate, vitamin B-6 and B-12 and risk of depression in community-dwelling older adults: the Quebec Longitudinal Study on Nutrition and Aging. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2016;70(3):380–5.
22 . Dietary intake of B6–9–12 vitamins, serum homocysteine levels and their association with depressive symptoms: the Zutphen Elderly Study. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2008;62(8):939–45.
23 . Association between folate, vitamin B-6 and vitamin B-12 intake and depression in the SUN cohort study. J Hum Nutr Diet. 2009;22(2):122–133.
24 . Nutrient deficiencies and depression in older adults according to sex: A cross sectional study. Nurs Health Sci. 2017;19(1):88–94.
25 . Association between nutrient intakes and prevalence of depressive disorder in Korean adults: 2014 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. J Nutr Health. 2018;51(5):414–22.
26 Nutrient intake and psychological health in an elderly Chinese population. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2006;21(11):1036–43.
27 . Micronutrient intake adequacy and depression risk in the SUN cohort study. Eur J Nutr. 2018;57(7):2409–19.
28 Thiamine nutritional status and depressive symptoms are inversely associated among older Chinese adults. J Nutr. 2013;143(1):53–8.
29 . Update on NHANES dietary data: focus on collection, release, analytical considerations, and uses to inform public policy. Adv Nutr. 2016;7(1):121–34.
30 . Associations of different types of dairy intakes with depressive symptoms in adults. J Affect Disord. 2020;274:326–33.
31 . Design and estimation for the national health interview survey, 2006–2015. Vital Health Stat 2. 2014;165:1–53.
32 . The Patient Health Questionnaire Somatic, Anxiety, and Depressive Symptom Scales: a systematic review. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2010;32(4):345–59.
33 . The PHQ-9 – Validity of a brief depression severity measure. J Gen Intern Med. 2001;16(9):606–13.
34 . Associations between dietary carotenoid intakes and the risk of depressive symptoms. Food Nutr Res. 2020;64.
35 . Dietary guidelines for Americans. 2015–2020; Available from: https://health.gov/dietaryguidelines/2015/
36 . Effect of thiamin deficiency on brain neurotransmitter systems. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1982;378:367–81.
37 . Neurotransmitter function in thiamine-deficiency encephalopathy. Neurochem Int. 1982;4(6):449–64.
38 . Neurological, psychiatric, and biochemical aspects of thiamine deficiency in children and adults. Front Psychiatry. 2019;10:207.
39 . The effects of vitamin B in depression. Curr Med Chem. 2016;23(38):4317–37.
40 Dietary B vitamin intake and incident premenstrual syndrome. Am J Clin Nutr. 2011;93(5):1080–6.
41 . Role of homocysteine in age-related vascular and non-vascular diseases. Aging (Milano). 1997;9(4):241–57.
42 . The role of one-carbon metabolism in schizophrenia and depression. Harv Rev Psychiatry. 2007;15(4):146–60.