Mediterranean meal favorably effects postprandial oxidative stress response compared with a Western meal in healthy women
A randomized crossover trial
Abstract
Abstract: Oxidative stress and inflammation are underlying factors in the pathogenesis of chronic diseases. The postprandial state is characterized by low-grade oxidative and inflammatory responses, but the impact of different dietary patterns on these responses is unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate postprandial oxidative and inflammatory responses to Mediterranean diet (MED) and Western diet (WD) meals. In a randomised crossover design, eleven healthy women, aged between 19–45 years with a body mass index of 20.0–24.9 kg/m2, consumed two different isocaloric meals: MED and WD. Blood samples were collected at fasting and 2, 3, 4 h postprandially and analyzed for oxidative [total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), total thiol, native thiol, malondialdehyde (MDA)] and inflammatory [high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-17, IL-23, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)] markers. MED meal intake resulted in increases in TAS (0.05±0.02 mmol/L; p=0.017), total thiol (23.00±7.69 μmol/L; p=0.013) and native thiol (12.82±4.94 μmol/L; p=0.027), while a decrease in MDA (−0.17±0.06 nmol/L; p=0.022) at 2 h. On the other hand, TAS reduced significantly overall (p=0.005) after WD meal intake. There was a significant increase after WD meal intake for IL-6 (1.39±0.49 pg/mL; p=0.017), IL-17 (4.30±1.50 pg/mL; p=0.017), IL-23 (8.38±3.51 pg/mL; p=0.038) at 4 h. However, serum hs-CRP, TNF-α and NF-κB levels were not changed significantly by meal intake. The results indicate that MED meal induces favorable effects on oxidative stress, while WD meal partially increases inflammation in daily life.
References
1 . Food, nutrition and Mediterranean Diet historical, health and cultural aspect. Güncel Gastroenteroloji. 2014;18(2):156–73.
2 . National nutrition surveys in Europe: a review on the current status in the 53 countries of the WHO European region. Food Nutr Res. 2018;62:1362.
3 . History of modern nutrition science – implications for current research, dietary guidelines, and food policy. BMJ. 2018;361:k2392.
4 . Dietary guidelines and health – is nutrition science up to the task? BMJ. 2018;360:k822.
5 . The antioxidative protecting role of the Mediterranean diet. Coll Antropol. 2012;36(4):1427–34.
6 . Mediterranean diet and mortality in Switzerland: An alpine paradox? Eur J Nutr. 2014;54(1):139–48.
7 Predictive role of the Mediterranean diet on mortality in individuals at low cardiovascular risk: a 12-year follow-up population-based cohort study. J Transl Med. 2016;14(91):1–10.
8 . Definition of the Mediterranean diet: a literature review. Nutrients. 2015;7(11):9139–53.
9 Dietary Westernisation: conceptualisation and measurement in Mauritius. Public Health Nutr. 2005;8(6):608–19.
10 . Westernization of Asian diets and the transformation of food systems: Implications for research and policy. Food Policy. 2007;32(3):281–98.
11 Mediterranean diet pyramid today: Science and cultural updates. Public Health Nutr. 2011;14(12A):2274–84.
12 . Western diet and inflammation. Integr Med. 2006;5(4):14–18.
13 , The western-style diet, calcium deficiency and chronic disease. J Nutr Food Sci. 2016;6(3):496.
14 . Effect of nutrition on human inflammatory and oxidative stress markers. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2020;100(48):3897–902.
15 . Does the interdependence between oxidative stress and inflammation explain the antioxidant paradox? Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2016;2016:5698931.
16 . Postprandial hyperglycemia/hyperlipidemia (postprandial dysmetabolism) is a cardiovascular risk factor. Am J Cardiol. 2007;100(5):899–904.
17 . Nutritional, dietary and postprandial oxidative stress. J Nutr. 2005;135(5):969–72.
18 . Postprandial oxidative stress in response to dextrose and lipid meals of differing size. Lipids Health Dis. 2010;9(79):1–13.
19 . Postprandial effects of the Mediterranean diet on oxidant and antioxidant status in elderly men and women. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2011;59(5):938–40.
20 . High-fat, energy-dense, fast-food-style breakfast results in an increase in oxidative stress in metabolic syndrome. Metab. 2008;57(6):867–70.
21 . Postprandial leukocyte increase in healthy subjects. Metab. 2003;52(2):199–202.
22 Postprandial recruitment of neutrophils may contribute to endothelial dysfunction. J Lipid Res. 2003;44(3):576–83.
23 Effect of four different meal types on postprandial oxidative stress: a randomized crossover study with healthy subjects. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2016;3(2):320–30.
24 Hass avocado modulates postprandial vascular reactivity and postprandial inflammatory responses to a hamburger meal in healthy volunteers. Food Funct. 2013;4(3):384–91.
25 . Avocado fruit on postprandial markers of cardio-metabolic risk: a randomized controlled dose response trial in overweight and obese men and women. Nutrients. 2018;10(9):1287.
26 . Effects of acute ingestion of different fats on oxidative stress and inflammation in overweight and obese adults. Nutr J. 2011;10(122).
27 . A novel automated direct measurement method for total antioxidant capacity using a new generation, more stable ABTS radical cation. Clin Biochem. 2004;37(4):277–85.
28 . Thiol-disulfide homeostasis: an integrated approach with biochemical and clinical aspects. Turk J Med Sci. 2020;50(2):1728–38.
29 . The metabolic concept of meal sequence vs. satiety: glycemic and oxidative responses with reference to inflammation risk, protective principles and Mediterranean diet. Nutrients. 2019;11(10):2373.
30 Effects of a traditional fermented grape-based drink “hardaliye” on antioxidant status of healthy adults: a randomized controlled clinical trial. J Sci Food Agric. 2013;93(14):3604–10.
31 . Acute effect of Clitoria ternatea flower beverage on glycemic response and antioxidant capacity in healthy subjects: a randomized crossover trial. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2018;18(1):6.
32 Effect of green tea on postprandial antioxidant capacity, serum lipids, C-reactive protein and glucose levels in patients with coronary artery disease. Eur J Nutr. 2014;53(2):479–86.
33 . Postprandial effect of yogurt enriched with anthocyanins from riceberry rice on glycemic response and antioxidant capacity in healthy adults. Nutrients. 2020;12(10):1–13.
34 . Fruits, vegetables and their polyphenols protect dietary lipids from oxidation during gastric digestion. Food Funct. 2014;5(9):2166–74.
35 . A Chilean berry concentrate protects against postprandial oxidative stress and increases plasma antioxidant activity in healthy humans. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2017;2017:8361493.
36 . Redox homeostasis in stomach medium by foods: The Postprandial Oxidative Stress Index (POSI) for balancing nutrition and human health. Redox Biol. 2017;12:929–36.
37 . Enhancing effect of a cysteinyl thiol on the antioxidant activity of flavonoids and identification of the antioxidative thiol adducts of myricetin. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2013;77(8):1753–58.
38 . Oxidative stress indexes for diagnosis of health or disease in humans. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2019;2019(4128152).
39 . The role of antioxidants in the chemistry of oxidative stress: A review. Eur J Med Chem. 2015;97:55–74.
40 . Protection by polyphenols of postprandial human plasma and low-density lipoprotein modification: the stomach as a bioreactor. J Agric Food Chem. 2012;60(36):8790–96.
41 . Atherogenesis: a postprandial phenomenon. Circulation. 1979;60(3):473–85.
42 . The postprandial appearance of features of cardiometabolic risk: Acute induction and prevention by nutrients and other dietary substances. Nutrients. 2019;11(9):1963.
43 Magnitude and timing of the postprandial ınflammatory response to a high-fat meal in healthy adults: A systematic review. Adv Nutr. 2017;8(2):213–25.
44 . High-fat meal induced postprandial inflammation. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2014;58(1):136–46.
45 Antioxidant and inflammatory response following high-fat meal consumption in overweight subjects. Eur J Nutr. 2013;52(3):1107–14.
46 A high-fat meal is accompanied by increased plasma interleukin-6 concentrations. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2007;17(3):195–202.
47 Postprandial endothelial activation in healthy subjects and in type 2 diabetic patients: role of fat and carbohydrate meals. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2002;39(7):1145–50.
48 The postprandial situation as a pro-inflammatory condition. Clin Investig Arterioscler. 2014;26(4):184–92.
49 . Regulation of IL-17 in autoimmune diseases by transcriptional factors and microRNAs. Front Genet. 2015;6:236–36.
50 . High fat meal increase of IL-17 is prevented by ingestion of fruit juice drink in healthy overweight subjects. Curr Pharm Des. 2012;18(1):85–90.
51 . Effects of acute dietary polyphenols and post-meal physical activity on postprandial metabolism in adults with features of the metabolic syndrome. Nutrients. 2020;12(4):1120.
52 . Postprandial anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of extra virgin olive oil. Atherosclerosis. 2007;190(1):181–86.
53 . Macronutrient intake induces oxidative and inflammatory stress: potential relevance to atherosclerosis and insulin resistance. Exp Mol Med. 2010;42(4):245–53.
54 . High caloric intake induces inflammation. Science. 2018;359(6375):531–32.