Harm Reduction und Cannabis: Was ändert sich durch die Legalisierung?
Abstract
Zusammenfassung: Durch die Legalisierung ergeben sich zahlreiche Chancen, aber auch Unsicherheiten in Bezug auf Schadensminderung. Die Chancen liegen unter anderem in der verbesserten Aufklärung über gesundheitliche Risiken und in der Früherkennung von riskantem Cannabiskonsum. Weiterhin können die durch die Repression verursachten, umfangreichen Schäden durch die Legalisierung zu einem großen Teil reduziert bzw. verhindert werden. Schließlich sollten Instrumente wie THC-Mindestpreis und THC-gekoppelte Besteuerung, sowie Beschränkungen der Verkaufslizenzen und der Verkaufszeiten und -orte genutzt werden, um den Konsum zu steuern und Schäden zu minimieren. Größere Unsicherheiten bestehen insbesondere im Zusammenhang mit der Kommerzialisierung der Märkte sowie in der Regulierung des Eigenanbaus. Zusammenfassend ist zu erwarten, dass durch eine sorgfältige Regulierung die individuellen und gesellschaftlichen cannabisbedingten Schäden reduziert werden können.
Abstract: The legalisation of cannabis offers several opportunities but also uncertainties regarding harm reduction. There are opportunities in improved education regarding health risks and in the early identification of risky cannabis use patterns. Also, the comprehensive harm resulting from repression can be reduced or prevented to a substantial extent. Lastly, regulatory instruments like minimum THC unit pricing, THC-adjusted taxation models, as well as restrictions in licencing and retail location and opening times should be employed to impact on consumption and minimize harm. Larger uncertainties exist regarding the commercialisation of markets and with respect to regulating home cultivation. Overall, it can be expected that a careful regulation can result in a reduction of individual and societal harms from cannabis.
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