Die Konzeption von Persönlichkeitsstörungen in der ICD-11
Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Die Klassifikation von Persönlichkeitsstörungen (PS) als voneinander unterscheidbare Kategorien wird in der ICD-11 ersetzt durch eine dimensionale Einordnung mit Schweregradabstufungen. Ob eine PS vorliegt oder nicht, wird über Beeinträchtigungen von selbstbezogenen und interpersonellen Persönlichkeitsfunktionen definiert. Alle PS-Diagnosen, mit Ausnahme der Borderline-PS wurden aufgehoben, sodass es in der ICD-11 nur noch die Kategorie „Persönlichkeitsstörung“ (ICD-11 Code 6D10) gibt, die bei Vorliegen der Kriterien einer Borderline-PS durch einen sogenannten „Trait-Qualifier“ ergänzt werden kann. Alle anderen Formen von PS werden durch spezifische Profile von fünf pathologischen Persönlichkeits-Traits charakterisiert. Die zentralste Veränderung aus Sicht der Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie besteht darin, dass die Altersgrenze für die Diagnose einer PS aufgehoben wurde, sodass die Störung und ihre Entwicklung nun vergleichbar zu anderen psychiatrischen Störungen in einer Perspektive über die Lebensspanne hinweg gesehen wird.
Abstract. In ICD-11, the classification of personality disorders (PD) is no longer categorical but dimensional, along a spectrum defined by the severity of the disorder. The definition of PD is based on the level of impairment of self-directed and interpersonal personality functioning. Only one general diagnostic category “Personality Disorder” remains (ICD-11 Code 6D10). All distinct PD diagnoses from ICD-10 are missing, with the exception of Borderline PD, which can be classified with a “trait qualifier.” The type of PD is characterized by specific patterns of five maladaptive personality traits. From the perspective of child and adolescent psychiatry, the most important change from ICD-10 to ICD-11 is the removal of an age limit, meaning PDs can be diagnosed across the lifespan.
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