Suizide unter Adoleszenten in einer deutschen Großstadt
Abstract
Zusammenfassung.Fragestellung: Suizide tragen stark zur Gesamtmortalität von Adoleszenten bei. Diese Studie untersucht Geschlechts- und Altersdifferenzen in der Methodenwahl. Methodik: Die Untersuchung basiert auf den Todesbescheinigungen der Jahre 1996 bis 2019 der Stadt Leipzig und schließt alle Suizide der unter 25-Jährigen ein. Wir überprüften, ob Methodenwahl und Suizidort mit Geschlecht oder Altersgruppe zusammenhängen. Weiterhin prüften wir einen Zusammenhang zwischen adoleszenten Drogentoten und Suizidtoten. Ergebnisse: Unter den 140 erfassten Suiziden unterschied sich die Suizidmethode zwischen den Altersgruppen (χ² = 17,878; p = 0,022). Kinder, Jugendliche und Heranwachsende suizidierten sich fast ausnahmslos durch Erhängen, Sturz, Schienensuizid oder Intoxikation. Im frühen Erwachsenenalter erweiterte sich das Methodenspektrum. Die Suizidmethode war geschlechtsabhängig (χ² = 35,166; p < 0,001). Männliche Adoleszente suizidierten sich überwiegend mit harten Methoden, vor allem durch Erhängen. Bei weiblichen Adoleszenten war Intoxikation die häufigste Methode, dabei dominierten Antidepressiva. Es bestand eine Korrelation zwischen den Mortalitätsraten für Suizid und Drogentod (r = 0,571, p = 0,004). Als Trend (χ² = 3,125, p = 0,077) konnte eine Vermeidung des eigenen Wohnumfeldes für die Suizidhandlung bei Minderjährigen festgestellt werden. Schlussfolgerungen: Bei der Einschätzung des individuellen Suizidrisikos und der Abwägung sichernder Maßnahmen in der klinischen Tätigkeit sollten die gezeigten Unterschiede in der Methodenwahl Berücksichtigung finden.
Abstract.Objective: Adolescent suicide is a major contributor to the overall mortality in this age group. This study examined sex and age differences in suicide methods. Method: The investigation is based on death certificates from the years 1996 to 2019 of the city of Leipzig and includes all suicides in the age group under 25 years. The impact of sex and age on the method and location of suicide was examined using chi square statistics. Moreover, we verified the association between suicides and death by drug overdose through statistical regression. Results: 140 suicides were included in the study. The suicide methods differed between the age groups (χ² = 17,878; p = .022). Individuals under 21 years of age committed suicide almost exclusively by strangulation, jumping from heights, railway suicide, or deliberate intoxication. With the onset of early adulthood, the spectrum of methods expanded. Suicide methods were also different between the sexes (χ² = 35,166; p < .001): Male adolescents preferred highly lethal methods such as strangulation, whereas in female adolescents intoxication was the leading method of suicide, with a predominance of antidepressants. The annual rates of suicide and death by drug overdose were found to correlate (Pearson correlation = 0,571, p = .004). Minors (χ² = 3.125, p = .077) tended to avoid their own residential environment as a place of suicides compared to adults. Conclusion: When assessing the individual suicide risk and weighing safeguarding measures in clinical practice, the differences shown in the choice of methods should be taken into account.
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