Dermatillomanie
Abstract
Dermatillomanie ist eine Erkrankung, bei der die Haut aufgrund eines nahezu unwiderstehlichen Dranges wiederholt und in so starkem Maße bearbeitet wird, dass Gewebeschäden und eine erhebliche Beeinträchtigung resultieren. Obwohl nach vorsichtigen Schätzungen bis zu 5 % der Bevölkerung betroffen sind, ist diese Erkrankung noch wenig bekannt. Auch in den aktuell gültigen Klassifikationssystemen ist Dermatillomanie nicht als eigenständige Erkrankung beschrieben, sondern muss bislang als Nicht näher bezeichnete Abnorme Gewohnheit und Störung der Impulskontrolle diagnostiziert werden. Die Erkrankung entwickelt sich häufig in der späten Kindheit oder frühen Jugend sowie zwischen 30 und 45 Jahren, verläuft meist phasenhaft mit hohem Risiko zur Chronifizierung. Frauen sind häufiger betroffen als Männer. Bezüglich der Genese werden verschiedene psychologische, biologische und soziokulturelle Faktoren diskutiert, wobei empirische Befunde weitestgehend fehlen. In der Behandlung haben sich vor allem verhaltenstherapeutische Ansätze und spezifische Psychopharmaka, die selektiven Serotonin-Wiederaufnahmehemmer, als erfolgsversprechend erwiesen.
Dermatillomania is a disabling disorder characterized by repetitive picking of the skin that causes tissue damage and significant emotional distress as well as functional impairment. It has been estimated that approximately 5 % of the general population is affected. Nothwithstanding its prevalence the disorder is not known to many clinicians and researchers. Dermatillomania is currently listed as an impulse control disorder not otherwise specified. The disorder is more common in females than in males. The onset usually occurs in late childhood or early adolescence, a second peak of onset is between the ages of 30 and 45 years. Very often it takes a chronic course with varying degrees of severity. Different psychological, biological and environmental factors have been discussed as etiological risk factors, but further research is needed. Cognitive-behavioral and pharmacotherapeutic interventions have demonstrated promise in treating this disorder.
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