Abstract
Zusammenfassung. In den vergangenen Jahrzehnten hat sich die Zahl der Ultraläufer vervielfacht, und viele Studien haben den Einfluss auf den Bewegungsapparat untersucht. Wir stellen die Erkenntnisse zu Schäden zusammen, die ein Ultramarathon an Gelenken und Muskeln verursachen kann. Die häufigsten Verletzungen bzw. Überlastungsschäden betreffen die untere Extremität, wobei Sprunggelenk und Knie am häufigsten betroffen sind. Bei sehr langen Läufen kommt es zu einer Anpassung mit Verdickung von Sehnen und Knorpel. Ein Ultramarathon kann zu einem ausgeprägten Muskelschaden führen, mit einem Anstieg von myozellulären Metaboliten wie Myoglobin, Laktat-Dehydrogenase und Creatinkinase.
Abstract. In recent decades, the number of ultra-runners has multiplied. We analyze the findings of previous studies on body damage that can be induced by an ultramarathon. Overuse injuries concern the lower extremity, with ankle and knee being the most commonly affected parts. Very long runs may lead to thickening of tendons and cartilage. An ultramarathon can also lead to pronounced muscle damage with an increase in myocellular metabolites such as myoglobin, lactate dehydrogenase, and creatine kinase.
Résumé. Au cours des dernières décennies, le nombre de coureurs d’ultra-marathon s’est multiplié. Nous avons rassemblé les résultats sur les dégâts que peut provoquer un ultra marathon. Les blessures de surentraînement affectent le membre inférieur, la cheville et le genou le plus souvent. Les très longues courses entraînent une adaptation chronique signalée par l’épaississement des tendons et du cartilage. L’ultramarathon peut provoquer des dommages musculaires prononcés avec une augmentation des métabolites myocellulaires tels que la myoglobine, la lactate déshydrogénase et la créatine kinase.
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