Skip to main content
Full-Length Research Report

Tele.TAnDem Increases the Psychosocial Resource Utilization of Dementia Caregivers

Published Online:https://doi.org/10.1024/1662-9647/a000197

Abstract. Tele.TAnDem is a telephone-based cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) intervention for dementia caregivers which incorporates resource activation as a superordinate heuristic. We investigated whether Tele.TAnDem increased the utilization of psychosocial resources in dementia caregivers. To this end, 273 dementia caregivers were randomly assigned to receive the Tele.TAnDem intervention (n = 139) or usual care (n = 134). Compared to the control group, at posttest caregivers in the intervention group had utilized more resources related to well-being and coping with daily hassles. Treatment effects on the utilization of resources related to social support were only marginally significantly greater at posttest for caregivers with higher baseline resource utilization. Treatment effects were not maintained at 6-month follow-up. Results indicate that Tele.TAnDem can successfully activate the psychosocial resources of dementia caregivers.

References

  • Alzheimer’s Disease International. (2015). World Alzheimer report 2015. Retrieved from https://www.alz.co.uk/research/WorldAlzheimerReport2015.pdf First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Angermeyer, M. C., Kilian, R., & Matschinger, H. (2000). WHOQOL-100 und WHOQOL- BREF. Handbuch für die deutschsprachigen Versionen der WHO-Instrumente zur internationalen Erfassung von Lebensqualität [WHOQOL-100 and WHOQOL-BREF. Handbook for the German Version of the WHO Instruments for the International Assessment of Quality of Life]. Göttingen: Hogrefe. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Balducci, C., Mnich, E., McKee, K. J., Lamura, G., Beckmann, A., Krevers, B., ... Öberg, B. (2008). Negative impact and positive value in caregiving: Validation of the COPE index in a six-country sample of carers. The Gerontologist, 48, 276–286. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Bekhet, A. K. (2015). Resourcefulness in African American and Caucasian American caregivers of persons with dementia: Associations with perceived burden, depression, anxiety, positive cognitions, and psychological well-being. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 51, 285–294. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Carbonneau, H., Caron, C., & Desrosiers, J. (2010). Development of a conceptual framework of positive aspects of caregiving in dementia. Dementia, 9, 327–353. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Clarke, P. B., Adams, J. K., Wilkerson, J. R., & Shaw, E. G. (2016). Wellness-based counseling for caregivers of persons with dementia. Journal of Mental Health Counseling, 38, 263–277. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Farran, C. J. (1997). Theoretical perspectives concerning positive aspects of caring for elderly persons with dementia: Stress/adaptation and existentialism. The Gerontologist, 37, 250–257. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Flückiger, C., Caspar, F., Grosse Holtforth, M., & Willutzki, U. (2009). Working with patients’ strengths: A microprocess approach. Psychotherapy Research, 19, 213–223. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Flückiger, C., & Grosse Holtforth, M. (2008). Focusing the therapist’s attention on the patient’s strengths: A preliminary study to foster a mechanism of change in outpatient psychotherapy. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 64, 876–890. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Gassmann, D., & Grawe, K. (2006). General change mechanisms: The relation between problem activation and resource activation in successful and unsuccessful therapeutic interactions. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 13, 1–11. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • George, L. K., & Gwyther, L. P. (1986). Caregiver well-being: A multidimensional examination of family caregivers of demented adults. The Gerontologist, 26, 253–259. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Gilhooly, K. J., Gilhooly, M. L. M., Sullivan, M. P., McIntyre, A., Wilson, L., Harding, E., ... Crutch, S. (2016). A meta-review of stress, coping and interventions in dementia and dementia caregiving. BMC Geriatrics, 16(1), 106. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Gottlieb, B. H., & Wolfe, J. (2002). Coping with family caregiving to persons with dementia: A critical review. Aging & Mental Health, 6, 325–342. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Grawe, K. (1997). Research-informed psychotherapy. Psychotherapy Research, 7, 1–19. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Grawe, K. (2004). Psychological therapy. Bern: Hogrefe. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Grawe, K., & Grawe-Gerber, M. (1999). Ressourcenaktivierung: Ein primäres Wirkprinzip der Psychotherapie [Resource activation: A primary change principle in psychotherapy]. Psychotherapeut, 44, 63–73. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Hautzinger, M., Bailer, M., Hofmeister, D., & Keller, F. (2012). Allgemeine Depressions Skala. Manual [German Version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Manual]. Göttingen: Hogrefe. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Judge, K. S., Yarry, S. J., & Orsulic-Jeras, S. (2010). Acceptability and feasibility results of a strength-based skills training program for dementia caregiving dyads. The Gerontologist, 50, 408–417. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Kneebone, I. I., & Martin, P. R. (2003). Coping and caregivers of people with dementia. British Journal of Health Psychology, 8, 1–17. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. New York: Springer-Verlag. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Losada, A., Márquez-González, M., & Romero-Moreno, R. (2011). Mechanisms of action of a psychological intervention for dementia caregivers: Effects of behavioral activation and modification of dysfunctional thoughts. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 26, 1119–1127. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Losada, A., Márquez-González, M., Romero-Moreno, R., Mausbach, B. T., López, J., Fernández-Fernández, V., & Nogales-González, C. (2015). Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) versus acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for dementia family caregivers with significant depressive symptoms: Results of a randomized clinical trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 83, 760–772. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Myers, J. E., & Sweeney, T. J. (2014). Five Factor Wellness Inventory manual. Menlo Park, CA: Mindgarden. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Ory, M. G., Hoffman, R. R., Yee, J. L., Tennstedt, S., & Schulz, R. (1999). Prevalence and impact of caregiving: A detailed comparison between dementia and nondementia caregivers. The Gerontologist, 39, 177–185. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Pinquart, M., & Sörensen, S. (2003). Differences between caregivers and noncaregivers in psychological health and physical health: A meta-analysis. Psychology and Aging, 18, 250–267. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Pinquart, M., & Sörensen, S. (2006). Helping caregivers of persons with dementia: Which interventions work and how large are their effects?. International Psychogeriatrics, 18, 577–595. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Reisberg, B., Ferris, S. H., de Leon, M. J., & Crook, T. (1982). The Global Deterioration Scale for assessment of primary degenerative dementia. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 139, 1136–1139. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Schüz, B., Czerniawski, A., Davie, N., Miller, L., Quinn, M. G., King, C., ... Scott, J. L. (2015). Leisure time activities and mental health in informal dementia caregivers. Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being, 7, 230–248. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Selwood, A., Johnston, K., Katona, C., Lyketsos, C., & Livingston, G. (2007). Systematic review of the effect of psychological interventions on family caregivers of people with dementia. Journal of Affective Disorders, 101, 75–89. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Smith, E. C., & Grawe, K. (2003). What makes psychotherapy sessions productive? A new approach to bridging the gap between process research and practice. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 285, 275–285. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Soellner, R., Reder, M., Machmer, A., Holle, R., & Wilz, G. (2015). The Tele.TAnDem intervention: Study protocol for a psychotherapeutic intervention for family caregivers of people with dementia.. BMC Nursing, 14(1), 11. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Stansfeld, J., Stoner, C. R., Wenborn, J., Vernooij-Dassen, M., Moniz-Cook, E., & Orrell, M. (2017). Positive psychology outcome measures for family caregivers of people living with dementia: A systematic review. International Psychogeriatrics, 29, 1281–1296. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Stoltz, P., Uden, G., & Willman, A. (2004). Support for family carers who care for an elderly person at home: A systematic literature review. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, 18, 111–119. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Toepfer, N. F., Foster, J. L. H., & Wilz, G. (2014). “The good mother and her clinging child”: Patterns of anchoring in social representations of dementia caregiving. Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology, 24, 234–248. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Troesken, A. K. (2002). Das Berner Ressourceninventar. Ressourcenpotentiale und Ressourcenrealisierung aus konsistenztheoretischer Sicht [The Bern Resource Inventory: Resource potentials and resource utilization from the perspective of consistency theory]. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Bern, Switzerland. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Troesken, A. K., & Grawe, K. (2003). Das Berner Ressourceninventar – Instrumente zur Erfassung von Patientenressourcen aus der Selbst und Fremdbeurteilsperspektive [The Bern Resource Inventory – Instruments of self- and observer-rated patients’ psychosocial resources]. In H. SchemmelJ. Schaller,Eds., Ressourcen. Ein Hand- und Lesebuch zur therapeutischen Arbeit (pp. 195–217). Tübingen, Germany: dgvt. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Wilz, G., Reder, M., Meichsner, F., & Soellner, R. (2018). The Tele.TAnDem intervention: Telephone-based CBT for family caregivers of people with dementia. The Gerontologist, 58, e118–e129. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Wilz, G., Schinköthe, D., & Kalytta, T. (2015). Therapeutische Unterstützung für pflegende Angehörige von Menschen mit Demenz. Das Tele.TAnDem Behandlungskonzept [Therapist support for dementia caregivers: The Tele.TAnDem Intervention Program]. Göttingen: Hogrefe. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Wilz, G., & Soellner, R. (2016). Evaluation of a short-term telephone-based cognitive behavioral intervention for dementia family caregivers. Clinical Gerontologist, 39, 25–47. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Yarry, S. J., Judge, K. S., & Orsulic-Jeras, S. (2010). Applying a strength-based intervention for dyads with mild to moderate memory loss: Two case examples. Dementia, 9, 549–557. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Zarit, S. H., Orr, N. K., & Zarit, J. M. (1985). The hidden victims of Alzheimer’s disease: Families under stress. New York: New York University Press. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Zauszniewski, J. A. (2006). Resourcefulness: A new midrange theory. In J. J. FitzpatrickM. WallaceEds., Encyclopedia of nursing research (pp. 256–258). New York: Springer-Verlag. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Zauszniewski, J. A., Lekhak, N., Burant, C. J., Underwood, P. W., & Morris, D. L. (2016). Resourcefulness training for dementia caregivers. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 38, 1554–1573. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar