Die Erfassung von Wahn und Halluzinationen in der Normalbevölkerung
Deutsche Adaptationen des Peters et al. Delusions Inventory (PDI) und der Launay Slade Hallucination Scale (LSHS-R)
Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Die hohe Prävalenz wahnähnlicher Überzeugungen und halluzinatorischen Erlebens in der Bevölkerung erfordert spezifische Selbstbeurteilungsskalen, die diese subklinischen Phänomene abbilden. In der vorliegenden Untersuchung werden Reliabilität und Validität deutschsprachiger Adaptationen des Peters et al. Delusions Inventory (Peters, Joseph & Garety, 1999b) sowie der Launay-Slade Hallucination Scale (Launay & Slade, 1981) an einer in Bezug auf Alter, Geschlecht und Bildungsstand annähernd repräsentativen Stichprobe aus der Normalbevölkerung (n = 359) und einer Stichprobe von Personen mit Schizophrenie (n = 54) untersucht. Beide Skalen weisen eine gute interne Konsistenz sowie hinreichende Kriteriums- und Konstruktvalidität auf. Trotz der Eignung der Skalen zur Differenzierung zwischen Personen mit und Personen ohne Schizophrenie zeigte sich, dass die Items zu wahnähnlichen Überzeugungen und halluzinatorischem Erleben auch in der Bevölkerungsstichprobe in relevanten Ausmaßen bejaht wurden. Weiterhin zeigte sich, dass halluzinatorische Erlebnisse und wahnähnliche Überzeugungen in der Bevölkerung mit erhöhtem psychischen Leidensdruck einhergehen.
Abstract. Due to the high prevalence of delusional ideation and hallucinatory experiences in the general population there is a need for specific self-rating scales to investigate these subclinical phenomena. In the present study the reliability and validity of the German version of the Peters et al. Delusions Inventory (Peters et al., 1999b) and the Launay-Slade Hallucination Scale (Launay & Slade, 1981) are examined in a population sample that reflects the general population in age, education, and gender (n = 359), and in a sample of persons diagnosed with schizophrenia (n = 54). Both scales showed good internal consistency as well as sufficient criterion and construct validity. Although the scales were useful in distinguishing persons with from persons without schizophrenia, a substantial proportion of persons from the normal population sample endorsed the items assessing delusional ideation and hallucinatory experiences. Moreover, hallucinatory experiences and delusional ideation in the general population were found to be associated with increased psychological distress.
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