Eine Normierung unterschiedlicher Aspekte der emotionalen Bewertung von Persönlichkeitsattributen
Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Die emotionale Bewertung von Eigenschaftsbegriffen und Persönlichkeitsattributen ist in vielen Forschungsbereichen und für viele Forschungszwecke von Bedeutung. Diese Untersuchung liefert eine neue Datenbank für emotionale Bewertungen von 140 Persönlichkeitsmerkmalen. Die Bewertungen von N = 701 Teilnehmenden wurden erhoben. In Erweiterung der bisher veröffentlichten Listen unterscheidet die vorliegende Datenbank neben der positiven und negativen Valenz und Erregung, die von den Merkmalen vermittelt wird, zwischen 5 Emotionen (Freude, Ärger, Ekel, Traurigkeit und Angst) sowie subjektiven Annäherungs- und Vermeidungstendenzen. Die Ergebnisse der Normierung sind unter https://osf.io/gbcq2 abrufbar.
Abstract. The emotional evaluation of traits and personality attributes is important in many research areas and for many research purposes. This research provides a new database for emotional ratings of 140 personality traits. This data were obtained from N = 701 participants. By extending previously published lists, the present database differentiates, in addition to positive and negative valence and arousal conveyed by the traits, between five emotions (happiness, anger, disgust, sadness, and fear) as well as subjective approach- and avoidance tendencies. The complete wordlist including the scores on all dimensions may be retrieved from https://osf.io/gbcq2
Literatur
2007). The evaluation-behavior link: Direct and beyond valence. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 43, 1010 – 1016. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2006.10.017
(1979). Judgment of contingency in depressed and nondepressed students: Sadder but wiser? Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 108, 441 – 485. https://doi.org/10.1037/0096-3445.108.4.441
(1981). Induced mood and the illusion of control. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 41, 1129 – 1140. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.41.6.1129
(1968). Likableness ratings of 555 personality-trait words. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 9, 272 – 279. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0025907
(2011). The influence of discrete emotions on judgement and decision-making: A meta-analytic review. Cognition & Emotion, 25, 1393 – 1422. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2010.550751
(1982). Automatic information processing and social perception: The influence of trait information presented outside of conscious awareness on impression formation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 43, 437 – 449. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.43.3.437
(1999). Affective norms for English words (ANEW): Instruction manual and affective ratings. Gainesville, FL: Center for Research in Psychophysiology, University of Florida.
(2011a). Discrete emotion effects on lexical decision response times. PloS one, 6 (8),
(e23743 . https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.00237432011b). Discrete emotion norms for nouns: Berlin affective word list (DENN-BAWL). Behavior research methods, 43, 441 – 448. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-011-0059-y
(1997). Beyond bipolar conceptualizations and measures: The case of attitudes and evaluative space. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 1 (1), 3 – 25. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327957pspr0101_2
(2009). Anger is an approach-related affect: evidence and implications. Psychological Bulletin, 135, 183 – 204. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0013965
(2014). NbClust: An R package for determining the relevant number of clusters in a data set. Journal of Statistical Software, 61 (6), 1 – 36. https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v061.i06
(1999). Consequences of automatic evaluation: Immediate behavioral predispositions to approach or avoid the stimulus. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 25, 215 – 224. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167299025002007
(2005). Perceptions of moral character modulate the neural systems of reward during the trust game. Nature Neuroscience, 8, 1611 – 1618. https://doi.org/10.1038/nn1575
(2008). When do motor behaviors (mis)match affective stimuli? An evaluative coding view of approach and avoidance reactions. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 137, 262 – 281. https://doi.org/10.1037/0096-3445.137.2.262
(2010). Affective norms for 210 British English and Finnish nouns. Behavior Research Methods, 42 (1), 134 – 140. https://doi.org/10.3758/BRM.42.1.134
(1992). An argument for basic emotions. Cognition and Emotion, 6(3 – 4), 169 – 200. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699939208411068
(1969). Pan-cultural elements in facial displays of emotion. Science, 164 (3875), 86 – 88. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.164.3875.86
(2008). Automatic vigilance for negative words is categorical and general. Emotion, 8, 453 – 457. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0012887
(2017). Moved by words: Affective ratings for a set of 2,266 Spanish words in five discrete emotion categories. Behavior research methods, 49, 1082 – 1094. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-016-0768-3
(1993). Social cognition and social perception. Annual Review of Psychology, 44, 155 – 194. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ps.44.020193.001103
(2007). Universal dimensions of social cognition: Warmth and competence. Trends in cognitive sciences, 11 (2), 77 – 83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2006.11.005
(2013). Approach and avoidance behavior in interpersonal relationships. Emotion Review, 5, 269 – 274. https://doi.org/10.1177/1754073913477513
(2020). Vampires and nurses are rated differently by younger and older adults – Age-comparative norms of imageability and emotionality for about 2500 German nouns. Behavior Research Methods, 52, 980 – 989. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-019-01294-2
(1994). Handbuch deutschsprachiger Wortnormen. Göttingen: Hogrefe.
(1985). Emotionsgehalt, Bildhaftigkeit, Konkretheit und Bedeutungshaltigkeit von 580 Adjektiven: Ein Beitrag zur Normierung und zur Prüfung einiger Zusammenhangshypothesen. Archiv für Psychologie, 137, 75 – 97.
(2016). Affective norms of 875 Spanish words for five discrete emotional categories and two emotional dimensions. Behavior Research Methods, 48,, 272 – 284. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-015-0572-5
(1965).
(From acts to dispositions: the attribution process in social psychology . In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 2, pp. 219 – 266). , New York: Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2601(08)60107-02010). Leipzig Affective Norms for German: A reliability study. Behavior Research Methods, 42, 987 – 991. https://doi.org/10.3758/BRM.42.4.987
(2018). Turkish emotional word norms for arousal, valence, and discrete emotion categories. Psychological reports, 124, 188 – 209. https://doi.org/10.1177/0033294118814722
(1999). Functional accounts of emotions. Cognition and Emotion, 13, 467 – 480. https://doi.org/10.1080/026999399379140
(2011). Detecting inherent bias in lexical decision experiments with the LD1NN algorithm. The Mental Lexicon, 6 (1), 34 – 52. https://doi.org/10.1075/ml.6.1
(1999). Eine Normierung unterschiedlicher Aspekte der evaluativen Bewertung von 92 Substantiven [A standardization of various aspects of the evaluation of 92 nouns]. Zeitschrift für Sozialpsychologie, 30 (1), 1 – 11. https://doi.org/10.1024/0044-3514.30.1.1
(2009). Emotion words, regardless of polarity, have a processing advantage over neutral words. Cognition, 112 (3), 473 – 481. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2009.06.007
(2014). Emotion and language: Valence and arousal affect word recognition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 143, 1065 – 1081. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035669
(2009). Using the World-Wide Web to obtain large-scale word norms: 190,212 ratings on a set of 2,654 German nouns. Behavior Research Methods, 41 (1), 13 – 19. https://doi.org/10.3758/BRM.41.1.13
(2003). Effects of fear and anger on perceived risks of terrorism: A national field experiment. Psychological Science, 14 (2), 144 – 150. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9280.01433
(2000). Beyond valence: Toward a model of emotion-specific influences on judgement and choice. Cognition and Emotion, 14, 473 – 493. https://doi.org/10.1080/026999300402763
(1999). The intrapersonal functions of emotion. Cognition and Emotion, 13, 481 – 504. https://doi.org/10.1080/026999399379159
(2007). The Spanish adaptation of ANEW (Affective Norms for English Words). Behavior Research Methods, 39, 600 – 605. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03193031
(2013). Emotional norms for 524 French personality trait words. Behavior Research Methods, 45, 414 – 421. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-012-0276-z
(1968). A multidimensional approach to the structure of personality impressions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 9, 283 – 294. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0026086
(1980). A circumplex model of affect. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 39, 1161 – 1178. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0077714
(1999). Core affect, prototypical emotional episodes, and other things called emotion: Dissecting the elephant. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76, 805 – 819. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.76.5.805
(2003). Vocal communication of emotion: A review of research paradigms. Speech Communication, 40, 227 – 256. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-6393(02)00084-5
(1984). Approaches to emotion. New York, NY: Psychology Press. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315798806
(1994). Evidence for universality and cultural variation of differential emotion response patterning. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66, 310 – 328. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.66.2.310
(2014). ANGST: Affective norms for German sentiment terms, derived from the affective norms for English words. Behavior Research Methods, 46, 1108 – 1118. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-013-0426-y
(1972). Likableness ratings of 100 German personality-trait words corresponding to a subset of Anderson’s 555 trait words. European Journal of Social Psychology, 2, 327 – 333. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.2420020309
(1981). Zum emotionalen Gehalt von Substantiven, Adjektiven und Verben. Zeitschrift für Experimentelle und Angewandte Psychologie, 28, 486 – 501.
(1979). Intraclass correlations: Uses in assessing rater reliability. Psychological Bulletin, 86, 420 – 428. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.86.2.420
(1987). Perception of risk. Science (New York, N.Y.), 236(4 799), 280 – 285. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.3563507
(2007). The affect heuristic. European Journal of Operational Research, 177, 1333 – 1352. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2005.04.006
(2004).
(Socially situated cognition: Cognition in its social context . In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 36, pp. 53 – 117). San Diego, CA: Elsevier Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2601(04)36002-82007). Characterization of the affective norms for English words by discrete emotional categories. Behavior Research Methods, 39, 1020 – 1024. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03192999
(2008).
(Approach-avoidance goals and well-being: One size does not fit all . In A. J. Elliot (Ed.), Handbook of approach and avoidance motivation (pp. 415 – 430). New York, NY: Psychology Press / Lawrence Erlbaum. https://doi.org/10.4324/97802038881482001). Measuring agreement in ordered rating scales. Quality & Quantity, 35, 325 – 341. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1010374114305
(2009). The Berlin Affective Word List Reloaded (BAWL-R). Behavior Research Methods, 41, 534 – 538. https://doi.org/10.3758/BRM.41.2.534
(2006). Cross-validating the Berlin Affective Word List. Behavior Research Methods, 38, 606 – 609. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03193892
(2000). Automatic vigilance: The attention-grabbing power of approach- and avoidance-related social information. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78, 1024 – 1037. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.78.6.1024
(2010). Bring it on: Angry facial expressions potentiate approach-motivated motor behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 98, 201 – 210. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0017992
(