Skip to main content
Kurzbeitrag

Vorschlag eines umfassenden Modells zur Vorhersage von Präsentismus

Eine empirische Studie

Published Online:https://doi.org/10.1026/0932-4089/a000378

Zusammenfassung. Das Phänomen „Präsentismus“ definiert als das Verhalten von Berufstätigen, trotz Vorliegen von Krankheitssymptomen der Arbeitstätigkeit nachzugehen. Studien haben gezeigt, dass verschiedene Faktoren Präsentismus beeinflussen. In der vorliegenden Untersuchung soll ein umfassendes Modell, das die Vorhersagequalität personenbedingter, organisationaler und arbeitsbezogener Faktoren hinsichtlich Präsentismus zeigt, entwickelt werden und damit bestehende Forschungsbefunde erweitern, um somit zu einem besseren Verständnis von Präsentismus beizutragen. Um die Fehlervarianz zu minimieren wurden über 800 Probanden eines einzigen Unternehmens befragt. Es zeigten sich Zusammenhänge von Präsentismus vor allem mit organisationalen und arbeitsbezogenen Faktoren, i.e. „Arbeitsplatzsicherheit“, „empfundene Gerechtigkeit“, „Unterstützung des Vorgesetzten“, „Funktion“ sowie „Vertretung im Krankheitsfall“, während nur „Gesundheitszustand“ als einziger personenbedingter Aspekt einen Prädiktionswert hatte.


Proposal for a Comprehensive Model to Predict Presenteeism. An Empirical Study

Abstract. The phenomenon of presenteeism is defined as the behavior of professionals to engage in work activities despite the presence of symptoms of illness. Studies have shown that different factors influence presenteeism. The present study develops a comprehensive model showing the predictive quality of person-related, organizational, and work-related factors regarding presenteeism, thus extending existing research findings to create a better understanding of presenteeism. To minimize error variance, we surveyed over 800 subjects from a single company. Associations of presenteeism were found especially with organizational and work-related factors, such as “job security,” “perceived fairness,” “supervisor support,” “function,” and “sick leave substitution,” whereas “health status” was the only person-related aspect that had a predictive value.

Literatur

  • Aronsson, G. & Gustafsson, K. (2005). Sickness presenteeism: prevalence, attendance-pressure factors, and an outline of a model for research. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 47, 958 – 966. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Aronsson, G., Gustafsson, K. & Dallner, M. (2000). Sick but yet at work. An empirical study of sickness presenteeism. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 54, 502 – 509. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Böckerman, P. & Laukkanen, E. (2010). What makes you work while you are sick? Evidence from a survey of workers. European Journal of Public Health, 20 (1), 43 – 46. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckp076 First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Callen, B.L., Lindley, L.C. & Niederhauser, V.P. (2013). Health risk factors associated with presenteeism in the workplace. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 55, 1312 – 1317. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Caverley N., Cunningham J. B. & MacGregor, J. N. (2007). Sickness presenteeism, sickness absenteeism, and health following restructuring in a public service organization. Journal of Management Studies, 44, 304 – 319. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Çetin, M. (2016). An exploratory study of presenteeism in Turkish context. EMAJ: Emerging Markets Journal, 6 (1), 25 – 38. https://doi.org/10.5195/EMAJ.2016.93 First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Chang, Y.-T., Su, C.-T., Chen, R.-Y., Yeh, C.-Y., Huang, P.-T., Chen C.-J. et al. (2015). Association between organization culture, health status, and presenteeism. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 57, 765 – 771. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Cooper, CL. & Lu, L. (2016). Presenteeism as a global phenomenon: unraveling the psychosocial mechanisms from the perspective of social cognitive theory. Cross Cultural & Strategic Management 23, 216 – 231. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Dhaini, S. R., Zúñiga, F., Ausserhofer, D., Simon, M., Kunz, R., Geest, S. de et al. (2016). Absenteeism and presenteeism among care workers in Swiss nursing homes and their association with psychosocial work environment: A multi-site cross-sectional study. Journal of Gerontology, 62, 386 – 395. https://doi.org/10.1159/ 000442088 First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Gerich, J. (2014). Präsentismus – krank und doch in der Arbeit? Wirtschafts- und Sozialpolitische Zeitschrift (WISO), 37 (2), 32 – 45. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Goetzel, R.Z., Carls, G.S., Wang, S., Kelly, E., Mauceri, E., Columbus, D. et al. (2009). The relationship between modifiable health risk factors and medical expenditures, absenteeism, short-term disability, and presenteeism among employees at Novartis. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 51, 487 – 499. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Gosselin, E., Lemyre, L. & Corneil, W. (2013). Presenteeism and Absenteeism: Differentiated Understanding of Related Phenomena. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 18, 75 – 86. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Gustafsson, K. & Marklund, S. (2011). Consequences of sickness presence and sickness absence on health and work ability: a swedish prospective cohort study. International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health 2011, 24, 153 – 165. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Hägerbäumer, M. (2017). Risikofaktor Präsentismus. Wiesbaden: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-17457-6_5 First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Hansen, C. D. & Andersen, J. H. (2008). Going ill to work – What personal circumstances, attitudes and work-related factors are associated with sickness presenteeism? Social Science & Medicine, 67, 956 – 964. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Iverson, D., Lewis, K. L., Caputi, P. & Knospe, S. (2010). The cumulative impact and associated costs of multiple health conditions on employee productivity. Journal of occupational and environmental medicine / American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 52, 1206 – 1211. https://doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0b013e3181fd276a First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Johns, G. (2010). Presenteeism in the workplace: a review and research agenda. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 31, 519 – 542. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Johns, G. (2011). Attendance dynamics at work: The antecedents and correlates of presenteeism, absenteeism, and productivity loss. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 16, 483 – 500. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0025153 First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Karanika-Murray, M., Pontes, H.M., Griffiths, M.D. & Biron, C. (2015). Sickness presenteeism determines job satisfaction via affective motivational states. Social Science & Medicine, 139, 100 – 106. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Leineweber, C., Westerlund, H., Hagberg, J., Svedberg, P., Luokkala, M. & Alexanderson, K. (2011). Sickness presenteeism among Swedish police officers. Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation, 21, 17 – 22. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Lohaus, D. & Habermann, W. (2018). Präsentismus. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-55701-3 First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • McGregor, A., Iverson, D., Caputi, P., Magee, C. & Ashbury, F. (2014). Relationships between work environment factors and presenteeism mediated by employees’ health. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 56, 1319 – 1324. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • McKevitt, C., Morgan, M., Dundas, R. & Holland, W.W. (1997). Sickness absence and “working through” illness: a comparison of two professional groups. Journal of Public Health Medicine, 19, 295 – 300., https://academic.oup.com/jpubhealth/article/19/3/295/1504557 First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Merchant, J.A., Kelly, K.M., Burmeister, L.F., Lozier, M.J., Amendola, A., Lind, D.P. et al. (2014). Employment status matters – a statewide survey of quality-of-life, prevention behaviors, and absenteeism and presenteeism. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 56, 686 – 698. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Merrill, R.M., Aldana, S.G., Pope, J.E., Anderson, D.R., Coberley, C.R., Whitmer, R.W. et al. (2012). Presenteeism according to healthy behaviors, physical health, and work environment. Population Health Management, 15, 293 – 301. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Miraglia, M. & Johns, G. (2016). Going to work ill: a meta-analysis of the correlates of presenteeism and a dual-path model. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 21, 261 – 283. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Nübling, M., Stößel, U., Hasselhorn, H.M., Michaelis, M. & Hofmann, F. (2005). Methoden zur Erfassung psychischer Belastungen: Erprobung eines Messinstrumentes (COPSOQ). In Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin (Hrsg.), – Forschung – Fb 1058 (S. 130). Dortmund: Wirtschaftsverlag NW. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Pohling, R., Buruck, G., Jungbauer, K.-L. & Leiter, M.P. (2016). Work-related factors of presenteeism: The mediating role of mental and physical health. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 21, 220 – 234. https://doi.org/10.1037/ a0039670 First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Preisendörfer, P. (2010). Präsentismus: Prävalenz und Bestimmungsfaktoren unterlassener Krankmeldungen bei der Arbeit, Zeitschrift für Personalforschung, 24, 401 – 408., https://doi.org/10.1688/1862-0000_ZfP_2010_04_Preisen doerfer First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Satow, L. (2012). Stress- und Coping-Inventar (SCI): Test- und Skalendokumentation. Verfügbar unter http://www.drsatow.de/tests/stress-und-coping-inventar/ First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Steidelmüller, C. (2020). Präsentismus als Selbstgefährdung: Gesundheitliche und leistungsbezogene Auswirkungen des Verhaltens, krank zu arbeiten. Wiesbaden: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-30681-6 First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Steinke, M. & Lampe, D. (2017). In B. Baudra (2017), Arbeit und Gesundheit im 21. Jahrhundert (S. 127 – 151). Berlin: Springer. First citation in articleCrossrefGoogle Scholar

  • Taloyan, M., Kecklund, G., Thörn, L., Kjeldgård, L., Westerlund, H., Svedberg, P. et al. (2016). Sickness presence in the Swedish Police in 2007 and in 2010. Associations with demographic factors, job characteristics, and health. Work (Reading, Mass.), 54, 379 – 387. https://doi.org/10.3233/WOR-162333 First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Vroome, E. (2006, 11). Prevalence of sickness absence and “presenteeism”. Verfügbar unter http://eurofound.europa.eu/ewco/2006/07/NL0607019I.htm First citation in articleGoogle Scholar