Wie gut stimmen Eltern- und Kinderurteile bei der Einschätzung von Kinderängsten überein?
Eine Analyse mit dem Bereichsspezifischen Angstfragebogen für Kinder und Jugendliche (BAK)
Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Studie soll die Interrater-Reliabilität des Eltern- und Kinderurteils für alle Skalen des Bereichsspezifischen Angstfragebogens für Kinder und Jugendliche (BAK) und der Einfluss von möglichen Variablen (Alter und Geschlecht des Kindes) auf die Übereinstimmung von Eltern- und Kindurteil ermittelt werden. Es wurden 572 Kinder und Jugendliche (295 Mädchen; 277 Jungen) im Alter von 9 bis 16 Jahren aus der Allgemeinbevölkerung und ihre Eltern anhand des BAK zu den Ängsten befragt. Berechnet wird die Interrater-Reliabilität sowohl für die intervallskalierten Daten (T-Werte) als auch für die daraus resultierenden kategorialen Daten. Es zeigt sich ausschließlich ein Alterseffekt auf die Übereinstimmung in den Punktwerten für die Skala Naturgewalten des BAK. Für alle Skalen des BAK mit Ausnahme der Skalen Medizinischer Bereich und Trennung/Unbekanntes konnte ein Geschlechtseffekt belegt werden. Die Interrater-Reliabilitäten sind als gering bis mittelmäßig einzustufen (ICC = .33 bis .62; Krippendorffs αü = .25 bis .57; Gewichtetes Cohens ϰ = .29 bis .58). Die Beurteiler-Übereinstimmungen fallen über alle Skalen hinweg bei den Mädchen höher aus als bei den Jungen. Die Ergebnisse verdeutlichen, dass es sinnvoll ist, bei der Beurteilung der Angstsymptomatik eines Kindes sowohl das Selbsturteil als auch das Elternurteil einzuholen.
Abstract. Child and parental ratings of children’s anxiety symptoms can be measured via the Area-Specific Anxiety Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents (BAK). The first aim of the present study was to determine the interrater reliability for the agreement between child and parental ratings. Furthermore, the effects of the child’s age and gender on the agreement between parent and child ratings were analyzed. A community sample of 572 children and adolescents (295 girls, 277 boys) aged 9 – 16 years was collected. The BAK was used to detect anxiety symptoms of the children and adolescents. For all the children’s reports, there was also a rating of the child’s mother or father. Interrater reliability was calculated for the interval-scaled data (T values) as well as the resulting categorical data (five-level expression of anxiety from very low to very high). The results of the univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that there is only an age effect on the absolute difference in scores reported by children and parents for the scale forces of nature. However, a gender effect on the difference in scores was demonstrated for all scales of the BAK except the medical scale and the scale separation/anonymous. The ANOVAs indicated that the ratings of girls and parents do not differ as much as those of boys and parents do. For the child and parent version, reliability analysis yielded high internal consistencies (child: αc = .82–.95; parent: αc = .83–.95). The interrater reliabilities were low to moderate (ICC = .33–.62; Krippendorff’s αü = .25–.57; weighted Cohen’s κ = .29–.58). The interrater reliabilities corresponded to the results of the ANOVA: The coefficients were higher for the girl–parent agreement than for the boy–parent agreement. On average, the interrater reliability of the BAK lives up to its expectations. The deviations in agreements between different raters were also found in studies in which other anxiety measures were applied. In addition, for both groups of raters, the scales of the BAK proved to be highly reliable. This suggests that problems and conflicts are perceived differently by children and parents as signs of subjective anxiety and anxiety behaviors. Thus, it can be concluded that it is useful to obtain self-ratings as well as parental ratings of children’s or adolescents’ anxiety symptoms. With this approach, it is possible to judge the symptoms from different points of view and assess whether the degree of anxiety varies over different situations.
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