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Positionspapier

Ein Plädoyer für eine verstärkte Berücksichtigung der Verhaltenskomponente in der sportpsychologischen Emotionsforschung

Published Online:July 17, 2018https://doi.org/10.1026/1612-5010/a000220

Abstract

Zusammenfassung. Bei der Erforschung des Zusammenhangs zwischen Emotionen und sportlicher Leistung wurde bisher fast ausschließlich das subjektive Erleben der Sporttreibenden untersucht. Dabei war es gängige Praxis Emotionen mit Fragebögen oder Interviews prospektiv bzw. retrospektiv zu erfassen. Ferner wurden in Experimenten Emotionen erzeugt, um anschließend deren Einfluss auf zum Beispiel die sportliche Leistung zu messen. Da Emotionen jedoch auch anhand von Veränderungen im Gesicht, der Gestik, der Körperhaltung oder der Stimme beobachtbar sind, wird in diesem Beitrag dafür argumentiert, zukünftig auch die Verhaltenskomponente von Emotionen verstärkt miteinzubeziehen. Bei der systematischen Verhaltensbeobachtung können Emotionen „online“ in ihrem natürlichen Kontext erfasst werden. Darüber hinaus wird darauf eingegangen, wie Veränderungen im beobachtbaren Verhalten leistungsrelevante Konsequenzen sowohl für die Person selbst als auch für andere Personen (z.B. Gegner oder Gegnerin) haben können, die nur sehr bedingt durch die Erlebniskomponente einer Emotion erklärt werden können. Abschließend werden mögliche Herausforderungen, die mit der Erforschung der Verhaltenskomponente von Emotionen im Zusammenhang stehen, diskutiert.


A Call for an Increased Consideration of the Behavioral Component of Emotion in Sport Psychology Research

Abstract. In investigating the relationship between emotions and sport performance, research has almost exclusively focused on athletes’ subjective experience. Prospective or retrospective study designs with the help of questionnaires or interviews have been common practice. Furthermore, in experiments, emotions have been evoked and their consequences have been assessed (e.g., on sport performance). Since emotions are also observable through changes in facial expressions, gestures, posture, or voice, this article calls for an increased focus on the behavioral component of emotions in future research. The systematic observation of emotions allows us to study them “online” in their natural context. In addition, the article describes how changes in the observable behavior entail relevant consequences to the individual him- or herself as well as to others (e.g., the opponent) that can hardly be explained by the subjective experience of an emotion. Finally, potential challenges related to the exploration of the behavioral component of emotions are discussed.

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