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Originalarbeit

Zur Diskussion des CHC-Modells im Kontext des Leistungssports

Theoretische Konzeption und empirische Prüfung am Beispiel der Dimension speed & efficiency

Published Online:May 29, 2018https://doi.org/10.1026/1612-5010/a000225

Abstract

Zusammenfassung. Das Cattell-Horn-Carroll Modell (CHC-Modell) wird als potentielles Rahmenmodell vorgestellt, um kognitive Basisfähigkeiten im leistungssportlichen Kontext zu betrachten. Mit dem Determinationstest (DT) wird beispielhaft ein Testverfahren aus dem Wiener Testsystem auf seine psychometrischen Eigenschaften geprüft, Aspekte der speed & efficiency als Komponenten des CHC-Modells zu erfassen, die im Sport von hoher Bedeutsamkeit sind. Zur Konstruktvalidierung wird ergänzend der Cognitrone (COG), der u.a. den CHC-Bereich memory & efficiency abbildet, in Teilstichproben eingesetzt. Auf der Datenbasis von österreichischen Leistungssporttreibenden sowie Sportstudierenden werden Kriteriums- und Konstruktvalidität sowie Test-Retest-Stabilität des DT berichtet. Der DT scheint einen Beitrag leisten zu können, zwischen Sportartenbündeln zu differenzieren, die (a) hohe Anforderungen (z.B. Tennis) bzw. (b) geringe Anforderungen (z.B. Skilanglauf) an speed & efficiency stellen. In Spielsportarten, die stark auf speed & efficiency als auch der memory & efficiency rekurrieren, korrelieren die Daten des DT und COG erwartungsgemäß höher als bei den beiden anderen Sportartenbündeln.


The CHC Theory of Intelligence as a Reference Model for Examining Speed and Efficiency Abilities in Sports-Specific Contexts

Abstract. The Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) model of intelligence is introduced as a reference model for examining cognitive abilities in sports-specific contexts. The determination test (DT; Vienna Test System) was used to examine the extent to which it is possible to assess speed and efficiency, a CHC ability cluster that plays a central role in sports. Construct validity was evaluated by implementing the Cognitrone test (COG), which assesses memory and efficiency abilities. Austrian elite athletes and sports students were enrolled in the study to determine the construct validity, concurrent validity, and test-retest stability of the CHC constructs. Results indicate that the DT might differentiate between sports disciplines that involve (a) high (e.g., tennis) versus (b) low (e.g., cross-country skiing) speed and efficiency abilities. Data from the DT and COG show substantial correlations in game sports (c) that involve both speed and efficiency as well as memory and efficiency abilities, which does not apply to (a) and (b).

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