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Personen mit Demenz – eine besondere Zielgruppe in der Sportwissenschaft

Herausforderungen und Empfehlungen für die Durchführung sportwissenschaftlicher Studien

Published Online:May 20, 2022https://doi.org/10.1026/1612-5010/a000352

Abstract

Zusammenfassung. In sportwissenschaftlichen Studien mit Personen mit Demenz ist es wichtig, die Besonderheiten der Zielgruppe zu berücksichtigen. Bisherige Studien weisen diesbezüglich Limitationen auf. Im Projekt Bewegung gegen Demenz wurde aufbauend auf einer Analyse des Forschungsstandes ein entsprechendes Studiendesign erarbeitet und in einer randomisierten kontrollierten Studie mit 319 Personen mit Demenz eingesetzt. Eine umfassende Betrachtung motorischer Tests unterstreicht die Bedeutung von angepassten Verfahren und gibt erste Empfehlungen. Die Überprüfung eines multimodalen Bewegungsprogrammes zeigt keine statistisch signifikanten Zeit*Gruppen-Effekte auf die motorische Leistung und den Gang. Explorative Analysen decken Unterschiede in der motorischen und kognitiven Ausgangsleistung zwischen Positiv-‍, Neutral- und Negativ-Respondern auf. Zudem erklären motorische und kognitive Leistungsänderungen bis zu 39.4 % der Varianz der Gangänderung. Die Ergebnisse und das erarbeitete Studiendesign bieten eine Grundlage für zukünftige Studien, verweisen aber gleichzeitig auf weiteren Forschungsbedarf. Außerdem unterstreichen die begrenzte Eignung eines standardisierten Bewegungsprogrammes sowie Hinweise auf zugrundeliegende Mechanismen die Bedeutung der Berücksichtigung des Individuums.


Individuals with Dementia – A Special Target Group in Sports Science: Challenges and Recommendations for Future Studies

Abstract. When investigating the effectiveness of physical activity in individuals with dementia, it is important to consider their specific characteristics; where previous studies showed limitations. Thus, we developed an appropriate study design we then used in a randomized controlled trial with 319 individuals with dementia. A comprehensive analysis of motor assessments highlighted the importance of adapted procedures and provided initial recommendations. We found no statistically significant Time*Group effects of a multimodal exercise program on motor and gait performance. Exploratory analyses revealed differences in baseline performance between positive, neutral, and negative responders. Furthermore, changes in motor and cognitive performance explained up to 39.4 % of the variance in gait changes. Our results and elaborated study design provide a basis for future studies, while simultaneously pointing out the need for further research. Moreover, the limited suitability of standardized exercise and first findings of underlying mechanisms emphasize the importance of considering the individual.

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