Skip to main content
Search
Search
    Quick Search anywhere
    Quick search in Citations
Advanced Search
Skip main navigationClose Drawer MenuOpen Drawer Menu
Previous article
Next article
Original Article

The German-Language Short Form of the Big Five Inventory for Children and Adolescents – Other-Rating Version (BFI-K KJ-F)

Published Online:June 17, 2020https://doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759/a000592

Abstract

Abstract. The other-rating version of the Big Five Inventory for Children and Adolescents (BFI-K KJ-F) serves to record the five basic personality traits of Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Neuroticism and Openness to Experience via reference persons and it is an addition to the German-language self-assessment questionnaire for children and adolescents (BFI-K KJ; Kupper, Krampen, Rammstedt, & Rohrmann, 2019). To determine the psychometric characteristics of the questionnaire comprising 26 items, personality assessments of 258 reference persons (predominantly parents) of 9–16-year-old children and adolescents (M = 11.66, SD = 2.04; 52% girls) are available. The reliability of the method could be substantiated by internal consistency analyses (Cronbach’s α = .70–.86 and McDonald’s ω = .71–.86, respectively) and a retest analysis (rp,tt = .74–.90). The five-factor structure was supported by an exploratory factor analysis (EFA). The analyses of age and gender, which were in conformity with literature, as well as the comparison of self- and other-rating, which predominantly showed moderate to high accordance, also speak in favor of validity. The other-rating version of the BFI-K KJ proves to be reliable and valid as well as economic.

References

  • Asendorpf, J. B. (1998). Fünf-Faktoren-Fragebogen für Kinder (FFFK) [Five-factor questionnaire for children (FFFK)]. Retrieved from https://psycharchives.zpid.de/bitstream/20.500.12034/361/2/PT_9004394_FFFK_Fragebogen.pdf First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Auerswald, M., & Moshagen, M. (2019). How to determine the number of factors to retain in exploratory factor analysis? A comparison of extraction methods under realistic conditions. Psychological Methods, 24, 468–491. https://doi.org/10.1037/met0000200 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Barbaranelli, C., Caprara, G. V., Rabasca, A., & Pastorelli, C. (2003). A questionnaire for measuring the Big Five in late childhood. Personality and Individual Differences, 34, 645–664. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(02)00051-X First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Beer, A., & Watson, D. (2008). Asymmetry in judgments of personality: Others are less differentiated than the self. Journal of Personality, 76, 535–560. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2008.00495.x First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Bleidorn, W., & Ostendorf, F. (2009). Ein Big Five-Inventar für Kinder und Jugendliche. Eine deutsche Version des Hierarchical Personality Inventory for Children (HiPIC) [A Big Five inventory for children and adolescents. A German version of the Hierarchical Personality Inventory for Children (HiPIC)]. Diagnostica, 55, 160–173. https://doi.org/10.1026/0012-1924.55.3.160 First citation in articleLink, Google Scholar

  • Cohen, J. W. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Costa, P. T. Jr., & McCrae, R. R. (1992). Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) and NEO Five Factor (NEO-FFI) Professional Manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Crawford, C. B., & Ferguson, G. A. (1970). A general rotation criterion and its use in orthogonal rotation. Psychometrika, 35, 321–332. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02310792 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Danner, D., Rammstedt, B., Bluemke, M., Lechner, C., Berres, S., Knopf, T., … John, O. P. (2019). Das Big Five Inventar 2: Validierung eines Persönlichkeitsinventars zur Erfassung von 5 Persönlichkeitsdomänen und 15 Facetten [The German Big Five Inventory 2: Measuring five personality domains and 15 facets]. Diagnostica, 65, 121–132. https://doi.org/10.1026/0012-1924/a000218 First citation in articleLink, Google Scholar

  • De Bolle, M., De Fruyt, F., McCrae, R., Löckenhoff, C., Costa, P., Aguilar-Vafaie, M., … Terracciano, A. (2015). The emergence of sex differences in personality traits in early adolescence: A cross-sectional, cross-cultural study. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 108(1), 171–185. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0038497 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • De Fruyt, F., Bartels, M., Van Leeuwen, K. G., De Clerq, B., Decuyper, M., & Mervielde, I. (2006). Five types of personality continuity in childhood and adolescence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 9, 538–552. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.91.3.538 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • De Fruyt, F., De Bolle, M., McCrae, R. R., Terracciano, A., & Costa, P. T. Jr. (2009). Assessing the universal structure of personality in early adolescence – The NEO-PI-R and NEO-PI-3 in 24 cultures. Assessment, 16, 301–311. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191109333760 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • De Pauw, S. S. W., & Mervielde, I. (2010). Temperament, personality and developmental psychopathology: A review based on the conceptual dimensions underlying childhood traits. Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 41, 313–329. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-009-0171-8 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • De Raad, B. (2000). The Big Five personality factors: The psycholexical approach to personality. Göttingen, Germany: Hogrefe & Huber. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Dunn, T. J., Baguley, T., & Brunsden, V. (2014). From alpha to omega: A practical solution to the pervasive problem of internal consistency estimation. British Journal of Psychology, 105, 399–412. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjop.12046 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Eid, M. (2000). A multitrait–multimethod model with minimal assumptions. Psychometrika, 65, 241–261. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02294377 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Eid, M., Lischetzke, T., Nussbeck, F. W., & Trierweiler, L. I. (2003). Separating trait effects from trait-specific method effects in multitrait-multimethod models: A multiple-indicator CT-C(M-1) model. Psychological Methods, 8, 38–60. https://doi.org/10.1037/1082-989X.8.1.38 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Gosling, S. D., Rentfrow, P. J., & Swann, W. B. Jr. (2003). A very brief measure of the Big-Five personality domains. Journal of Research in Personality, 37, 504–528. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0092-6566(03)00046-1 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Grist, C. L., Socha, A., & McCord, D. M. (2012). The M5-PS-35: A Five-Factor Personality Questionnaire for preschool children. Journal of Personality Assessment, 94, 287–295. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223891.2011.653063 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Horn, J. L. (1965). A rationale and test for the number of factors in factor analysis. Psychometrika, 30, 179–185. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02289447 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Iimura, S., & Taku, K. (2018). Gender differences in relationship between resilience and Big Five personality traits in Japanese adolescents. Psychological Reports, 121, 920–931. https://doi.org/10.1177/0033294117741654 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • IBM Corp. (2016). IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows (Version 24.0). Armonk, NY: IBM Corp. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • JASP Team. (2018). JASP (Version 0.9) [Computer software]. Retrieved from https://jasp-stats.org/ First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Kelava, A., & Moosbrugger, H. (2007). Deskriptivstatistische Evaluation von Items (Itemanalyse) und Testwertverteilungen [Descriptive statistical evaluation of items (item analysis) and test value distributions]. In H. MoosbruggerA. KelavaEds., Testtheorie und Fragebogenkonstruktion [Test theory and questionnaire design] (pp. 27–72). Heidelberg, Germany: Springer Medizin. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Klasen, H., Woerner, W., Rothenberger, A., & Goodman, R. (2003). Die deutsche Fassung des Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ-Deu) – Übersicht und Bewertung erster Validierungs- und Normierungsbefunde [The German version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ-Deu) – Overview and evaluation of initial validation and standardization findings]. Praxis der Kinderpsychologie und Kinderpsychiatrie, 52, 491–502. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Kupper, K., Krampen, D., Rammstedt, B., & Rohrmann, S. (2019). Kurzversion des Big Five Inventory für Kinder und Jugendliche (BFI-K KJ) – Adaptation und Validierung eines deutschsprachigen Selbstbeurteilungsinventars zur Erfassung grundlegender Persönlichkeitsfaktoren im Kindes- und Jugendalter [Short version of the Big Five Inventory for children and adolescents (BFI-K KJ) – Adaptation and validation of a German-language self-assessment inventory for the assessment of basic personality factors in childhood and adolescence]. Diagnostica 65, 86–96. https://doi.org/10.1026/0012-1924/a000216 First citation in articleLink, Google Scholar

  • Kupper, K., & Rohrmann, S. (2016). Das State-Trait-Ärgerausdrucks-Inventar-2 für Kinder und Jugendliche (STAXI-2 KJ) [The State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory-2 for Children and Adolescents (STAXI-2 KJ)]. Bern, Germany: Hogrefe. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Kupper, K., & Rohrmann, S. (2018). EMO-KJ–Ein Diagnostik- und Therapieverfahren zum Zugang von Emotionen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen [EMO-KJ - A Diagnostic and Therapeutic Method for Accessing Emotions in Children and Adolescents]. Bern, Germany: Hogrefe. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Marsh, H. W., Lüdtke, O., Muthén, B., Asparouhov, T., Morin, A. J., Trautwein, U., & Nagengast, B. (2010). A new look at the Big Five factor structure through exploratory structural equation modeling. Psychological Assessment, 22, 471–491. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019227 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • McCrae, R. (1982). Consensual validation of personality traits: Evidence from self-reports and ratings. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 43, 293–303. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.43.2.293 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • McCrae, R. R.Allik, J. (Eds.). (2002). International and cultural psychology series. The Five-Factor model of personality across cultures. New York, NY: Kluwer Academic/Plenum. First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • McCrae, R. R., & Costa, P. T. Jr. (1987). Validation of the Five-Factor model of personality across instruments and observers. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 81–90. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.52.1.81 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • McCrae, R. R., & Costa, P. T. Jr. (1999). A five-factor theory of personality. In L. A. PervinO. P. JohnEds., Handbook of personality: Theory and research (2nd ed., pp. 139–153). New York, NY: Guilford Press. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • McCrae, R. R., Costa, P. T. Jr., & Martin, T. A. (2005). The NEO-PI-3: A more readable revised NEO Personality Inventory. Journal of Personality Assessment, 84, 261–270. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa8403_05 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Muthén, L. K., & Muthén, B. O. (2012). Mplus user’s guide (7th ed.). Los Angeles, CA: Muthén & Muthén. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Ostendorf, F. (1990). Sprache und Persönlichkeitsstruktur: Zur Validität des Fünf-Faktoren-Modells der Persönlichkeit [Language and Personality Structure: The Validity of the Five Factor Model of Personality]. Regensburg, Germany: Roderer. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Ostendorf, F., & Angleitner, A. (2004). NEO-Persönlichkeitsinventar nach Costa und McCrae (NEO-PI-R) [NEO Personality Inventory according to Costa and McCrae (NEO-PI-R)]. Göttingen, Germany: Hogrefe. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Pallant, J. (2007). SPSS Survival Manual – A step by step guide to data analysis using SPSS for Windows (3rd ed.). New York, NY: McGraw Hill. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Prinzie, P., van der Sluis, C. M., de Haan, A. D., & Deković, M. (2010). The mediational role of parenting on the longitudinal relation between child personality and externalizing behavior. Journal of Personality, 78, 1301–1324. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2010.00651.x First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • R Core Team. (2017). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. Retrieved from https://www.R-project.org/. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Rammstedt, B., & Danner, D. (2016). Die Facettenstruktur des Big Five Inventory (BFI): Validierung für die deutsche Adaptation des BFI [The Facet Structure of the Big Five Inventory (BFI): Validation for the German Adaptation of the BFI]. Diagnostica, 63, 70–84. https://doi.org/10.1026/0012-1924/a000161 First citation in articleLink, Google Scholar

  • Rammstedt, B., & John, O. P. (2005). Kurzversion des Big Five Inventory (BFI-K): Entwicklung und Validierung eines ökonomischen Inventars zur Erfassung der fünf Faktoren der Persönlichkeit [Short form of the Big Five Inventory (BFI-K): Development and validation of an economic inventory to assess the five factors of personality]. Diagnostica, 51, 195–206. https://doi.org/10.1026/0012-1924.51.4.195 First citation in articleLink, Google Scholar

  • Rammstedt, B., & John, O. P. (2007). Measuring personality in one minute or less: A 10-item short version of the Big Five Inventory in English and German. Journal of Research in Personality, 41, 203–212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2006.02.001 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Rosseel, Y. (2012). lavaan: An R package for structural equation modeling. Journal of Statistical Software, 48, 1–36. Retrieved from http://www.jstatsoft.org/v48/i02/ First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Satorra, A., & Bentler, P. M. (2010). Ensuring positiveness of the scaled difference chi-square test statistic. Psychometrika, 75, 243–248. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11336-009-9135-y First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Schermelleh-Engel, K., Moosbrugger, H., & Müller, H. (2003). Evaluating the fit of structural equation models: Tests of significance and descriptive goodness-of-fit measures. Methods of Psychological Research, 8, 23–74. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar

  • Sorić, I., Penezić, Z., & Burić, I. (2017). The Big Five personality traits, goal orientations, and academic achievement. Learning and Individual Differences, 54, 126–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2017.01.024 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Soto, C., John, O., Gosling, S., & Potter, J. (2011). Age differences in personality traits from 10 to 65: Big Five domains and facets in a large cross-sectional sample. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 100, 330–348. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0021717 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Thiels, C., & Schmitz, G. S. (2008). Selbst- und Fremdbeurteilung von Verhaltensauffälligkeiten bei Kindern und Jugendlichen – Zur Validität von Eltern und Lehrerurteilen [Self- and external assessment of behavioral problems in children and adolescents – On the validity of parents and teacher assessments]. Kindheit und Entwicklung, 17, 118–125. https://doi.org/10.1026/0942-5403.17.2.118 First citation in articleLink, Google Scholar

  • Van den Akker, A. L., Deković, M., & Prinzie, P. (2010). Transitioning to adolescence: How changes in child personality and overreactive parenting predict adolescent adjustment problems. Development and Psychopathology, 22, 151–163. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579409990320 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Watson, D., Hubbard, B., & Wiese, D. (2000). Self-other agreement in personality and affectivity: The role of acquaintanceship, trait visibility, and assumed similarity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78, 546–558. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.78.3.546 First citation in articleCrossref, Google Scholar

  • Wieczerkowski, W., Nickel, H., Janowski, A., Fittkau, B., Rauer, W., & Petermann, F. (2016). Angstfragebogen für Schüler [Anxiety Questionnaire for Schoolchildren] (7th ed.). Göttingen, Germany: Hogrefe. First citation in articleGoogle Scholar