A Training-Centered Approach to the Situational Control Model
Abstract
Abstract. Situational awareness (SA) has been conceptually defined as an awareness of current and past events that contextualize an understanding of what is currently happening and future implications of that state. While SA has been considered widely in previous research, the literature provides little guidance on the actual skill sets that contribute toward a state of SA, or, beyond that, the additional skills that then contribute to a state of controlled flight path management; a state we describe as situational control (SC). A set of social and cognitive skills are required to develop awareness of the current situation and likely future developments; however, the skills that provide SC are additional to those required for SA, and are elaborated on. SC is further considered within the context of flight training.
References
(1980). Acquisition of a memory skill. Science, 208, 1181–1182.
. (2016). Extraordinary demand for pilots, technicians, and cabin crew. Retrieved from http://www.boeing.com/commercial/market/long-term-market/pilot-and-technician-outlook/
(2008). Perceived vs. measured effects of advanced cockpit systems on pilot workload and error: Are pilots’ beliefs misaligned with reality? Applied Ergonomics, 40(3), 448–456. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2008.10.002
(2010). Situation awareness: Some remaining questions. Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science. 11(1–2), 131–135.
(1995). Toward a theory of situation awareness in dynamic systems. Human Factors, 37(1), 32–64. https://doi.org/10.1518/001872095779049543
(1999).
Situation awareness in aviation systems . In D. J. GarlandJ.A. WiseV. D. HopkinEds., Handbook of aviation human factors (pp. 257–276). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.(2006).
Situation awareness . In G. SalvendyEd., Handbook of human factors and ergonomics (3rd ed., pp. 528–542). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley.(2013).
Situation awareness . In J. D. LeeA. KirkEds., The Oxford handbook of cognitive engineering (pp. 88–108). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.(2000). Situation awareness analysis and measurement. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum & Associates.
(2008).
Situation awareness . In R. FlinP. O’ConnorM. CrichtonEds., Safety at the sharp end: A guide to non-technical skills (pp. 17–40). Aldershot, UK: Ashgate.(1999). Temporal awareness: Pivotal in performance? Ergonomics, 42(11), 1443–1456.
(1991). Situational awareness is more than exceptional vision. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, 62, 1084–1089.
(2000). On error management: Lessons from aviation. British Medical Journal, 320, 745–753.
(2002). The investigation of visual attention and workload by experts and novices in the cockpit. Engineering Psychology and Cognitive Ergonomics: Applications and Services, 8020, 167–176.
(2013). Human error in aviation: The behaviour of pilots facing the modern technology. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Marcelo_Soares3/publication/256546378_Human_Error_in_Aviation_The_Behavior_of_Pilots_Facing_the_Modern_Technology/links/0deec523566955fd6f000000.pdf
(2000). Human performance: Cognition, stress and individual differences. Hove, UK: Psychology Press.
(2007).
Task engagement, attention, and executive control . In A. GruzkaG. MatthewsB. SzymuraEds., Handbook of individual differences in cognition: Attention, memory, and executive control (pp. 205–230). New York, NY: Springer.(2012). Beyond situational awareness: A skill set analysis for situational control. Paper presented at the Australian Aviation Psychology Association Symposium, Sydney, Australia, November 19–22, 2012.
(2006). The sleep, subjective fatigue, and sustained attention of commercial airline pilots during an international pattern. Chronobiology International, 23, 1357–1362.
(1996). Differences in expert and novice situation awareness in naturalistic decision-making. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 45(5), 579–597.
(2008). The human contribution: Unsafe acts, accidents and heroic recoveries. Farnham, UK: Ashgate Publishing.
(1991). Situation awareness: A critical but ill-defined phenomenon. The International Journal of Aviation Psychology, 1, 45–57. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327108ijap0101_4
(2010). Is situation awareness all in the mind? Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science, 11(1–2), 29–40. https://doi.org/10.1080/14639220903009938
(1996).
Vigilance and workload in automated systems . In R. ParasuramanM. MoulouaEds., Automation and human performance: Theory and application (pp. 183–200). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum & Associates.
