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Übersichtsarbeiten / Review Articles

Evaluierte Behandlungsansätze in der Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie II

Published Online:September 01, 2006https://doi.org/10.1024//1422-4917.29.3.206

Abstract

Zusammenfassung:Fragestellung: Prinzip der evidenzbasierten Medizin ist es, bei klinischen Entscheidungen über die Behandlung von Patienten auch die Ergebnisse empirischer Untersuchungen einzubeziehen. Somit war es Ziel, das Evaluationsniveau psychotherapeutischer, psychopharmakologischer und kombinierter Behandlungsansätze bei verschiedenen psychiatrischen Störungsbildern im Kindes- und Jugendalter (schizophrene Störungen, affektive Störungen, phobische und andere Angststörungen, Zwangsstörung, posttraumatische Belastungsstörung, Anorexia nervosa und Bulimia nervosa) zu bestimmen. Methodik: Für psychotherapeutische sowie psychopharmakologische Behandlungsansätze wurden drei verschiedene Evaluationsniveaus definiert, nämlich A (≥ 2 kontrollierte, randomisierte Studien zur Überprüfung der Wirksamkeit), B (1 kontrollierte, randomisierte Studie) und C (offene Studien und Kasuistiken). Die mittels einer Literaturrecherche gefundenen empirischen Arbeiten wurden zur Bestimmung des Evaluationsniveaus der jeweiligen Behandlungsansätze herangezogen. Ergebnisse: Hier ist die Anzahl kontrollierter Studien im Kindes- und Jugendalter vergleichsweise gering, insbesondere bezüglich pharmakotherapeutischer Behandlungsansätze. Gut evaluiert ist die (kognitive) Verhaltenstherapie zur Behandlung depressiver Störungen, phobischer und Angststörungen und posttraumatischer Belastungsstörungen. Schlussfolgerungen: Hoher Evaluationsbedarf besteht bezüglich der medikamentösen Behandlung schizophrener und affektiver Störungen. Für psychotherapeutische Behandlungsansätze bei schizophrenen Störungen, Zwangsstörungen und Essstörungen erscheint eine Evaluation hinsichtlich spezifischer Aspekte des Kindes- und Jugendalters sehr wünschenswert. Insgesamt ist der am besten evaluierte psychotherapeutische Behandlungsansatz die (kognitive) Verhaltenstherapie.


Summary:Evaluated treatment approaches in child and adolescent psychiatry II

Objectives: The principle of evidence-based medicine is to integrate data concerning the efficacy of interventions into clinical practice. This article assesses the level of evaluation of psychosocial, psychopharmacological and combined interventions for mental disorders in childhood and adolescence (schizophrenic disorders, affective disorders, phobias and anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, anorexia nervosa, and bulimia nervosa). Methods: Three different levels of evaluation were defined for both psychosocial and psychopharmacological interventions: A (≥ 2 randomized controlled studies), B (1 randomized controlled study), and C (open studies and case studies). The level of evaluation was judged on the basis of original papers found in a comprehensive literature search. Results: The number of controlled studies examining these disorders in children and adolescents is small, especially with regard to pharmacotherapy. However, the efficacy of (cognitive) behavior therapy for depressive disorders, phobias and anxiety disorders, as well as posttraumatic stress disorder has been demonstrated. Conclusions: There is still a considerable need to evaluate pharmacological treatment approaches for schizophrenic and affective disorders. Looking at psychosocial interventions in schizophrenic disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder and eating disorders, specific aspects of treatment for young patients should be examined. Overall, the psychotherapy approach evaluated best is (cognitive) behavioral therapy.

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