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Beiträge Themenschwerpunkt Entwicklungsneuropsychologie

Aufmerksamkeitsfluktuationen bei Patienten mit Aufmerksamkeitsdefizitstörungen (ADS)1

Published Online:January 12, 2007https://doi.org/10.1024/1016-264X.17.3.167

Abstract

Zusammenfassung: Diese Studie analysierte erstmalig Parameter der intraindividuellen Variabilität (“intra-subject variability”, ISV) bei ADS-Patienten und Kontrollen im Alter von sieben bis 14 Jahren in einem Continuous Performance Test (CPT), einer Go-Nogo-Aufgabe (GNA), einer Stop-Signal-Aufgabe (SSA) und einer N-back-Arbeitsgedächtnisaufgabe (NBA). Wir berechneten verschiedene Parameter der zentralen Tendenz, Dispersion und Form der Reaktionszeitverteilungen sowie Omissions- und Kommissionsfehler. Gruppenvergleiche ergaben die deutlichsten Effektstärken für die Dispersionsmaße. Gruppenunterschiede in Lage- und Fehlermaßen wurden durch Kontrollieren der ISV erheblich reduziert. Eine (Patienten) bzw. zwei (Kontrollen) Hauptkomponenten erklärten bis zu 67 % der interindividuellen Unterschiede in ISV. Diese Studie zeigt, dass ISV-Maße bei mehreren Tests Patienten und Kontrollen am besten unterscheiden; die inkrementelle Validität anderer Maße ist begrenzt. ISV korrelierte zudem substanziell über verschiedene Tests und reflektiert daher möglicherweise einen einheitlichen Faktor: intraindividuelle Aufmerksamkeitsfluktuationen.


Attentional Fluctuations in Patients with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Abstract: We analyzed parameters of intra-subject variability (ISV) in patients with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and controls aged seven to 14 years on a Continuous Performance Test, a Go-Nogo Task, a Stop Signal Task, and an N-back Working Memory Task. We calculated different parameters of central tendency, dispersion, and shape of reaction time distributions, plus omissions and commissions. Effect sizes in group comparisons were largest for dispersion measures. Group differences in central tendency and errors were markedly reduced by controlling ISV. One (patients) or two (controls) principal components explained up to 67 % of the interindividual ISV differences. We demonstrated that ISV separated groups best, with limited incremental validity of other parameters. Furthermore, ISV correlated substantially over tests, possibly reflecting a unitary factor: intraindividual fluctuations in attention.

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