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Themenschwerpunkt

Kindesmisshandlung und deren Langzeitfolgen – Analyse einer repräsentativen deutschen Stichprobe

Published Online:March 21, 2019https://doi.org/10.1024/1661-4747/a000378

Abstract

Zusammenfassung. Kindesmisshandlung stellt einen bedeutenden Risikofaktor für die Entwicklung dar. Einzelne Formen von Kindesmisshandlung treten häufig nicht isoliert auf, sondern das gemeinsame Auftreten verschiedener Formen von Kindesmisshandlung stellt eher die Regel als die Ausnahme dar. Neben den langfristigen und vielfältigen individuellen Folgen führt Kindesmisshandlung jährlich zu einer hohen gesamtgesellschaftlichen Belastung. Die WHO hat Kindesmisshandlung als großes Public Health Problem identifiziert und die Vereinten Nationen haben den Kampf gegen Kindesmisshandlung zum Ziel in ihrer Agenda für nachhaltige Entwicklung gemacht. In dem vorliegenden Beitrag werden die Häufigkeit sowie das gemeinsame Auftreten unterschiedlicher Formen von Kindesmisshandlung sowie deren Assoziation mit psychischen und somatischen Folgen auf Basis einer bevölkerungsrepräsentativen Stichprobe untersucht und dargestellt. Die Ergebnisse verdeutlichen den Zusammenhang zwischen der Kumulation verschiedener Formen von Misshandlung und negativen Folgen für die Betroffenen. So ist das Risiko für negative Konsequenzen beim Erleben von vier oder mehr Formen von Misshandlung um das bis zu 10-fache erhöht. Viel zu selten werden die kumulativen Effekte von mehreren Belastungen berücksichtigt. Gerade weil die Wirkweisen über die Misshandlung, die Gesundheit beeinflusst, zunehmend gut untersucht sind, muss dieses Wissen im Gesundheitswesen stärker bei der Konzeption von Präventions- und Interventionsmaßnahmen berücksichtigt werden.


Child maltreatment and its long-term consequences – Analysis of a representative German sample

Abstract. Child maltreatment is an important risk factor for development. Different types of child maltreatment often do not occur in isolation, but the co-occurrence of different types of child maltreatment is the rule rather than the exception. In addition to the long-term and diverse individual consequences, child maltreatment leads to a high societal burden every year. The WHO has identified child abuse as a major public health problem and the United Nations has made the fight against child maltreatment an aim of its sustainable development agenda. This paper examines and presents the frequency and co-occurrence of different types of child maltreatment and its association with psychological and somatic consequences on the basis of a representative sample. The results illustrate the association between the accumulation of different types of maltreatment and negative consequences for those affected. For example, the risk of negative consequences is up to 10 times higher when four or more types of child maltreatment are experienced. Far too rarely the cumulative effects of multiple stresses are taken into account. Especially, because the effects of maltreatment on health are increasingly well investigated, this knowledge must be taken more into account in the design of prevention and intervention strategies.

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