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Literaturübersicht zu Wirksamkeitsstudien

Zur Frage der Wirksamkeit von Frühförderung

Published Online:September 01, 2006https://doi.org/10.1026//0942-5403.12.1.35

Abstract

Zusammenfassung. Eine Literaturübersicht erörtert Beiträge zur Wirksamkeit von Frühförderung für die Publikationsjahre 1995 bis 2002. Methodische Schwierigkeiten wie Definition von Fallgruppen, outcome-Kriterien und Kontrollgruppen schränken die Aussagekraft vorliegender Studien ein und ziehen die Angemessenheit von Effektivitätsprüfungen in Zweifel, die den komplexen interpersonalen Handlungsraum Frühförderung auf wenige Entwicklungsparameter reduzieren. Frühzeitigkeit und Intensität der Förderung scheinen sich zumindest kurzfristig günstig auf kognitive Merkmale wie etwa auch Sprachentwicklung auszuwirken. Für den motorischen Bereich gibt es derzeit keine Anzeichen für die Überlegenheit einer bestimmten Methode. Wenn auch Befunde für günstige Auswirkungen von Förderung positiver und responsiver Eltern-Kind-Interaktionen vorliegen, bilden sich für die Praxis bedeutsame umfassende Variablen wie familiäre Lebensqualität, Kompetenzgefühl und Befindlichkeit bislang kaum in der Forschung ab.


On efficiency of early intervention

Abstract. The article reviews publications on the efficacy of early intervention between 1995 and 2002. Due to methodological hazards such as defining clinical samples, control groups, and outcome criteria, findings of current studies are limited. The reduction of complex, i.e., interpersonal phenomena of early intervention to few developmental variables seems questionable as well. Nonetheless, early and intensive intervention seems to positively affect cognitive, and especially language performance, whereas the findings do not indicate the superiority of any treatment of motor deficiencies. Although the enhancement of the parent-child interaction is found to be an effective intervention, present research does not focus on more comprehensive constructs of major practical relevance such as quality of life, sense of competence, and sensitivity. Hence, future research will have to deal with these aspects.

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