Tiermodelle für Angst und Angststörungen
Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Zahlreiche Tiermodelle haben entscheidend zur Aufklärung der neurobiopsychologischen Grundlagen von Angst und damit auch zum Verständnis von Angststörungen beigetragen. An zwei unterschiedlichen Tiermodellen, dem Elevated Plus-Maze und der potenzierten Schreckreaktion, sollen die verschiedenen Ansätze exemplarisch veranschaulicht werden. Ansätze zur Untersuchung individueller Differenzen habitueller Angstmerkmale ergeben sich bei der Betrachtung natürlich vorkommender Variation innerhalb einer Stammesgeneration, bei selektiven Züchtungen und bei genetisch manipulierten Modellen. Schließlich bestehen auch Möglichkeiten zur Untersuchung kognitiver Prozesse in Tieren. Auch zukünftig werden tierexperimentelle Ansätze wesentlich zu unserem Wissen um die behavioralen und neurobiologischen Grundlagen der Angst im Humanbereich beitragen.
Abstract. Animal models of anxiety play a critical role in our understanding of the neurobiopsychological mechanisms underlying anxiety and anxiety disorders. We review different animal models with particular emphasis on the elevated plus-maze and the potentiated startle. Models to investigate interindividual differences in behavioural traits with respect to anxiety are observation of naturally occuring variation within one generation, breeding lines, and genetic models for a differential characterisation of the animals. We then point to possible approaches to investigate cognitive processses in animals. For the future, we still can expect that, with respect to the fundamental behavioural and neurobiological principles of anxiety and anxiety disorders, important portions of our knowledge and new ideas will be based on animal research.
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