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Therapie

Intensive verhaltenstherapeutische Interventionsprogramme bei Autismus-Spektrum-Störungen

Published Online:March 02, 2012https://doi.org/10.1026/0942-5403/a000074

Abstract

Autismus-Spektrum-Störungen (ASD) sind früh beginnende, persistierende Entwicklungsstörungen, die durch qualitative Beeinträchtigungen der sozialen Kommunikation und Sprache, der sozialen Interaktion sowie durch stereotypes Verhalten und Interessen charakterisiert sind. Für intensive verhaltenstherapeutische Interventionsprogramme, insbesondere nach Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA, „angewandte Verhaltensanalyse“), besteht bisher die beste Evidenz bei ASD-Behandlung. Sie zielen auf die Förderung eines breiten Spektrums an Fertigkeiten ab, wie die Verbesserung der kognitiven und Sprachentwicklung, des Anpassungsverhaltens und der motorischen Funktionen. Neuere Interventionsstudien zeigen einen Trend zur Fokussierung vor allem auf die Verbesserung der sozialen Kommunikation betroffener Kinder. Vorliegende Übersichtarbeit fasst eine Auswahl der bisher untersuchten, intensiven verhaltenstherapeutischen Interventionsprogramme und Elterntrainings für ASD zusammen, um in der klinischen Praxis die Entscheidung für eine evidenzbasierte Therapieempfehlung für betroffene Familien zu erleichtern.


Intensive behavioral interventions in autism spectrum disorders

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are neurodevelopmental disorders with early onset, characterized by a triad of impairments in reciprocal interaction and communication, as well as repetitive and restricted interests and activities. Currently, the best empirical evidence exists for intensive behavioural intervention applying the principles of applied behavior analysis (ABA). These interventions address a broad range of skills including cognitive, language, adaptive behaviour, and motor skills. More recent intervention studies focus on specifically enhancing social communication in children with ASD. This article provides a selective overview of evidence-based intensive behavioural intervention studies and parent trainings for ASD in order to facilitate evidence-based treatment recommendations for children with ASD and their families.

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