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Grundlagen

Diagnostik und Therapie von Autismus-Spektrum-Störungen im Kindesalter

Published Online:June 25, 2010https://doi.org/10.1026/0942-5403/a000019

Abstract

Bei Autismus-Spektrum-Störungen (ASD) handelt es sich um komplexe Störungsbilder, die gerade im Kindesalter aufgrund der vielfältigen Differentialdiagnosen einer multidisziplinären und mehrschrittigen Diagnostik bedürfen. Eine Früherkennung autistischer Störungen ist ab dem zweiten Lebensjahr möglich. Standardisierte Verfahren verbessern die diagnostische Validität, erfordern jedoch eine fundierte kinder- und jugendpsychiatrische Expertise. Generell ist in der Behandlung ein ganzheitlicher, die Gesamtentwicklung des Kindes mit ASD umfassender Therapie- und Förderansatz zu verfolgen. Früh beginnende, intensive, verhaltenstherapeutische Interventionen unter Einbezug der Eltern haben sich als wirksam erwiesen. Die pharmakologische Behandlung von begleitenden Auffälligkeiten kann als ergänzende Maßnahme sinnvoll sein, da das Ansprechen auf pädagogische und psychotherapeutische Maßnahmen hierdurch verbessert werden kann.


Diagnosis and therapy of autism spectrum disorders in childhood

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are complex syndromes and their diagnosis requires a multidisciplinary and step-by-step approach, especially in children due to the broad range of possible differential diagnoses. Early detection of autistic disorders is possible from the age of 2 on. The use of standardized procedures enhances the diagnostic validity, but demands profound child and adolescent psychiatric expertise. Generally, any treatment of a child with ASD should take a holistic view bearing in mind the child’s overall development. Intensive early-onset behavior therapeutic interventions involving the parents have proven effective. Complementary pharmaceutical treatment of accompanying conditions may be helpful as it may enhance educational and psychotherapeutic treatment response.

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