Abstract
Episodische Gedächtnisdefizite, wie etwa Abweichungen im Detailreichtum, in der Erinnerungshäufigkeit und –beeinflussbarkeit werden seit vielen Jahren bei Patienten mit Autismus-Spektrum-Störungen (ASD) beschrieben. Dabei sind Ursachen dieser Defizite noch relativ unerforscht. Vermutet werden Abweichungen in neuronalen Gedächtniskorrelaten wie dem Temporallappen (insbesondere Hippocampus), dem präfrontalen Kortex sowie dem Cingulum. Vorliegender Übersichtsartikel stellt Ergebnisse der normalen Entwicklung episodischer Gedächtnisleistungen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen sowie der experimentellen Gedächtnisforschung bei Patienten mit ASD vor. Klinische Implikationen für den Umgang mit repetitiven Fragen und eingeschränkten sozialen Konfliktlösemöglichkeiten auf Grund von Einschränkungen im episodischen Gedächtnis bei ASD werden diskutiert.
Deficits in episodic memory (EM) such as quality, quantity, and suggestibility of memories have been described in patients with autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) for years. However, the origins of these deficits remain rather unexplored. Changes in neuronal correlates of memory processes, such as the medial temporal lobe, prefrontal cortex, and cingulate gyrus, could cause these deficits. In this review the typical development of memory in children and adolescents is summarized, followed by a description of results of research on memory processes in ASD. Clinical implications of the memory deficits in ASD such as repetitive patterns of communication and low social problem-solving abilities are discussed.
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